**Nomencalture**

Numerical models were successfully validated against experimental data. In this chapter crucial results of our investigation, obtained through comparison and discussion of quantita‐ tive microclimatic parameters (air velocity, temperature, RH and pressure) the influence of unforeseen movements of medical staff, sensible and latent heat, but also CO2 and particles, released by persons in the ambient and sliding door opening/closing on the OT climate and IAQ, are provided. It can be noticed that, variations in use (resulting in different internal sensible and latent heat loads, moving objects and room confinement) can play an important role in terms of microclimatic system performance against standard suggestions, even those

lacking compliance with standard limits are found to be mainly local or temporary.

**Figure 17.** LCRE for CO2 in a horizontal slice (z=1.6).

538 Current Air Quality Issues

**Figure 18.** LCRE for particles concentration in a horizontal slice (z=1.4).

From the case study presented here, the efficiency of the AHU-HVAC system for providing the right indoor microclimatic conditions in compliance with standard thresholds is seen not only related to a good plant design, but also to medical staff and assistant behaviour and room use. Measurements of particle concentration, with and without persons, are used in combination with iteratively computed numerical results in order to assess particle emission rate by the




### **Acknowledgements**

The Authors thank Prof. Pietro Vitali (Hospital Hygiene Unit, University Hospital of Parma), Prof. Cesira Pasquarella (Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma), Prof. Roberto Albertini (Department of Clinical and Experi‐ mental Medicine, Unit of Medical Immunology, University Hospital of Parma), Prof. Giuliano Cammarata (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Catania) for their crucial cooperation and research support. The authors want also to thank the PhD students engaged for the hip surgery simulation and indoor microclimatic measurements, active and passive air samplings.
