**1. Introduction**

With the changing pollution scenario, the task of improving air quality is now faced with increasingly serious challenges. Aerosols and gaseous pollutants have great impact on the radiative balance of the Earth, and thus on climatic changes. Furthermore, the radiative forcing of natural and anthropogenic aerosols exhibits a strong seasonal and geographical variability, which can affect the diffusion of atmospheric pollution locally [1]. The in‐ crease of aerosols or gaseous pollutants results in impairment of visibility. Besides, high aerosol concentration is deleterious to human health. The Chinese Academy on Environmen‐ tal Planning considers that air pollution is responsible for 411,000 premature deaths in China in 2003, primarily from respiratory problems and heart diseases [2]. Therefore, obtaining information on the vertical distribution of aerosols and gaseous pollutants in the pollu‐ tion haze is crucial to understanding their optical characteristics as well as their impact on air quality and on human health.

During the past 10 years, with its dense population, rapid economic growth, and dramat‐ ic rate of urbanization, China has been experiencing elevated levels of air pollution [3-5]. This is particularly so in the case of the Pearl River Delta (PRD), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and Central China Region (CCR). Among these, the CCR region is where the frequency of occurrence of haze has been increasing rapidly from 2012. In CCR, NOx, SO2 and VOCs discharged by pollution sources are the significant primary pollutants, which greatly influence the formation of particulate matter and ozone because of photochemical reac‐ tion. Besides, the prevalence of mild and humid climate throughout the year in CCR leads to transformation and accumulation of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants. In

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addition, regional transportation contributes to combined pollution problems of atmos‐ phere, manifested by high-concentration fine particulate matter, low visibility, highconcentration NO2 column, etc.

Thus far, extensive studies using different methods have been conducted in China on atmos‐ pheric pollution [6-9]. For a better understanding of aerosol properties and their effect on environment, two major aerosol experiments were conducted in mainland China since 2004: (i) East Asian Study of Tropospheric Aerosols -An International Regional Experiment (EAST-AIRE) [10] and (ii) East Asian Study of Tropospheric Aerosols and Impact on Regional Climate (EAST-AIRC) [11]. Information on the properties of aerosols and their temporal and spatial distribution was obtained from studies using both short-term intensive field experiments and long-term operations, as well as modeling studies. Besides these filed experiments, lidar (LIght Ranging and Detection) and DOAS (Differential Absorption Spectroscopy) studies were conducted at several sites in China[12-18]. However, knowledge on the properties of aerosols and trace gases, particularly in the vertical dimension, in CCR China is rather scanty. Also, because of lack of real-time data on the quantum of pollutants discharged by major industrial parks, it is hard to resolve the task of pollution prevention. The present research was designed to take advantage of advanced environmental monitoring technical equipment (including Lidar[19,20], multi-axis DOAS[21,22], vehicle-mounted DOAS /infrared SOF[23-25], and meteorological parameter analyzer, etc.) to establish a stereoscopic observing system for key sources of regional pollution in CCR, China. The campaign was carried out from Dec 2013 to April 2014 in three key cities, namely Anyang (AY), Jiaozuo (JZ) and Sanmenxia (SMX). Continuous and automatic stereoscopic monitoring of primary pollution sources, transporta‐ tion of pollutants, emission characteristics of pollution from major industrial parks, as well as the transport conditions in the surrounding regions of pollution under specific meteorological conditions was carried out to obtain data that can help in air quality improvement and in development of forecast warning model, besides making up for the deficiency in current ground monitoring system.

The scope of research resolves mainly into two parts:

**1.** Real-time monitoring of spatio-temporal distribution of regional haze pollution:

Representative monitoring points were identified in selected cities and surrounding areas along the direction of pollution transportation to measure spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of SO2, NO2 and aerosol particulate matter with lidar, MAX-DOAS, etc.

**2.** Real-time monitoring of disorganized pollutant discharge in key industrial park sources:

VOC is an important precursor to the formation of photochemical smog. The type and volume of VOC discharge, as also of SO2 and NO2, play a significant role in pollution. Aiming at the key source areas of elevated discharge, vehicle-mounted DOAS and vehicle-mounted SOF-FTIR were utilized for mobile scanning measurement of discharged smoke plumes. Using the absorption characteristics of pollution gas molecules in infrared and ultraviolet spectrum, the concentration of exhaust gas was qualitatively and quantitatively determined through SOF-FTIR and DOAS spectrum analytical methods.
