**Author details**

rous silica with a surface area of 98 m2

and structural characteristics [62, 65-67].

**6. Conclusions**

216 Agroecology

used in materials engineering.

**Acknowledgements**

(PIE CSIC 201460E105).

of cristobalite and calcium and magnesium phosphate of 4 m2

was much higher than that of MR, given its composition rich in alkaline earth cations (Figures 13 and 18), versus MR having more than 97% silica. The importance of the basic properties of the materials for the controlled release of 5-FU was to be expected, since given the acidity of 5-FU it would adsorb on basic sites. This explains why even though BBM47 had a much lower surface area than MR, its much higher basicity leads to a greater interaction with 5-FU, facilitating its controlled desorption, after careful design of its textural

Residues from the beer, rice and sunflower oil production industries were used to prepare materials capable of cleaning wastewaters, support enzymes, act as catalysts or as scaffolds for tissue engineering or controlled desorption of bioactive substances. The use of these waste materials gives them an added value as a sustainable, environmentally friendly and economic supply of nanostructured materials, *i.e.* BBM derived materials obtained were as cytocompat‐ ible and osteogenic as HA powder, commonly used in bone and teeth replacement therapies, being non-cytotoxic and supporting cell growth and differentiation and of controlled desorp‐ tion of anticarcinogen 5-Fluorouracil. Sunflower oil production residues can be used as raw materials to transform glycerol from biodiesel production of the same company towards fuel additives. Rice husk derived materials can be used to support enzymes in an inexpensive and environmentally sound way. Furthermore, the design of materials are based on preparation methods kept as simple and inexpensive as possible, with low energy consumption and easily adoptable procedures, by careful design of parameters and use of characterisation techniques

The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support from the CDTI projects "Systems to recycle aqueous effluents with valorisation of contaminants and reduction of discharges. Total oxidation of contaminants in effluents by using Ecomaterials" (CDTI IDI-20091139), "Devel‐ opment of applications of glycerine sub product of biodiesel with catalysts made from Ecomaterials" (CDTI IDI-20121298) and "Design of sílica with controlled texture to be used in detergency using as raw material rice husk ash" (CDTI IDI-20143711-20143713) and the Spanish National Science Council for the projects "Valorisation of agriresidues for generation of biocompatible materials (Ecomaterials) to be used in dental implants" (INNPACT IPT-2011-1935-310000), "Preparation of materials from agro industrial residues for biomedical uses" (PIE CSIC 201480E103) and "Valorisation of Spanish agriresidues for advanced uses"

g-1 and BBM was crystalline with silica in the form

g-1, also the basicity of BBM

A.M. Martínez Serrano1,2,3, M. Ramos1 , M. Yates2 , M.A. Martin-Luengo3\*, F. Plou2 , J.L. Lacomba4 , G. Reilly5 , C. Vervaet6 , P. Muñoz7 , G. Garcia8 , J.L. Tarterra9 , B. Fite9 , A. Urtzainki10, M.C. Vidal11, E. Sáez Rojo3 , L. Vega Argomaniz2 , A. Civantos4 and V. Zurdo3

\*Address all correspondence to: mluengo@icmm.csic.es

