**Acknowledgements**

The author would like to thank:

The administration of Umm Alqura University for the research support.

My colleagues and friends; Professor Motaz Ghulman (Vice dean of the faculty of dentistry at King Abdulaziz University) for his continuous support of the "smile team" patient manage‐ ment. As well as special gratitude to Dr Khalid Zawawi, Dr Ibrahim Yamani, Dr Mohammad Khalil, and Dr Ahmad Halawani for their interspecialty patient care.

My dear colleagues; the resident at the Saudi Board of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, the dental students in Umm Alqura University and King Abdulaziz University whom have always been of continuous help in research and case documentation.
