**Basic and Advanced Local Anesthesia Techniques and Modifications**

"This interesting book of advanced oral & maxillofacial surgery reflects the effort you spent

Having received these emails, I found the incentive and motivation to prepare the second volume. Once again, national and international experts have been invited to submit chap‐ ters. I was fortunate in that they accepted the invitation and devoted their valuable time and efforts to contribute to this second volume. Undoubtedly, this text could not have taken shape without the contributions of these specialists. I am indebted to all of them and am obligated hereby to express my sincere gratitude for their support. As all academicians may know, preparing an academic text of this scale is an extremely arduous and painstaking task; it involves working in tandem with an assembly of highly-creative, well-educated, upto-date and talented individuals. This book is the fruition of those whom, despite their busy schedule and academic obligations, generously spared time to share their knowledge on a

Volume 2 is the work of over 100 contributors from 9 countries culminating in 14 sections and 35 chapters. The contents of this second volume essentially complement volume one and cover both basic and advanced concepts on complex topics in the field of oral and max‐ illofacial surgery namely: Advanced Local Anesthesia Techniques and Modifications, Ad‐ vanced Surgical Orthodontics, Surgical Treatment of Periapical Lesions, Management of Cysts of the Maxillary Sinus, Treatment of Benign Tumors of the Jaws in Children, Immuno‐ histochemistry in Maxillofacial Lesions, Complex Oral and Maxillofacial Infections, Diagno‐ sis and Treatment of Sleep Apnea, Diagnosis and Management of Ankylosis of the Temporomandibular Joint, Diagnosis and Management of Frontal Sinus Fractures, Basics of Endoscopic Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bone grafting and Regenerative Techniques for Implant Surgery, Basic and VSP- CAD/CAM Craniomaxillofacial Reconstruction, Basic and Advanced Rhinoplasty, Advanced Laser Applications and Basics of Craniofacial Surgery. To conclude, I thank my mother Zakie— my ardent supporter and my father Mohammad Reza, MD, FACS— my mentor. I also thank my wife Maryam— my companion who patient‐ ly put-up with me during the lengthy hours while I sat in front of the computer typingaway, sending emails and editing the book chapters 24/7; I would also like to thank my son Mostafa and my daughter Marzieh— both of whom I forgot to thank the last time and Ms. Danijela Duric —Head of Book Publishing at InTech for making all this possible. Again, I hope that the compilation and publication of this text was time well spent; and benefitting

all clinicians involved in the practice of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

**Mohammad Hosein Kalantar Motamedi, DDS** Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

And Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department,

Azad University, Dental Branch,

Tehran, Iran

Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences,

for this outstanding book."

*Emeritus Professor of Maxillofacial Surgery, Iraq*

*Dr. Raja Kummoona*

XII Preface

global scale.
