**6. Endoscope-assisted transoral reduction and internal fixation of mandibular condylar process fractures**

Owing to the risk of facial nerve damage and the creation of visible scars, surgical treatment of condylar mandible fractures using an extraoral approach remains controversial. The transoral endoscopically assisted approach of condylar fractures has been reported to avoid these complications. **Kokemueller** studied closed treatment of mandibular condylar neck fractures by endosurgical treatments. Treatment options may yield acceptable results for displaced condylar neck fractures. Especially in patients with severe malocclusion directly after trauma, endoscope-assisted transoral open reduction and fixation seems to be the appropriate treatment for prevention of occlusal disturbances.[59], [60]

The treatment of condylar mandible fractures with a minimal invasive endoscopically assisted technique is reliable and may offer advantages for selected cases, particularly concerning the lower occurrence of facial nerve damage.[61] In the treatment of condylar injuries, the endoscope is not only an aid; it alters the treatment philosophy, from the conservative MMF to anatomic repair. Each surgeon will have to decide on his or her indications for endoscopic repair, and indeed this may depend heavily on his or her experience and patient preference. The authors feel that anatomic reduction and fixation are the best ways to restore preinjury facial aesthetics and mandibular dynamics and to prevent late sequelae of internal derange‐ ment. Thus, nowadays surgeons strongly advocate endoscopic repair of adult condylar neck and subcondylar fractures that demonstrate severe displacement or dislocation.
