**8. Complications**

There is no difference between the complications associated with cleft lip rhinoplasty and traditional open rhinoplasty in non-cleft patients. Theoretically the risk of infection is more likely particularly when cartilage grafts are used. The risk of bleeding is similar to that of traditional rhinoplasty. Patients should be warned of possible need for secondary rhinoplasty, need for minor or even major revision, existence of nostril asymmetry, visible scars, skin necrosis, dysfunction of nasal system and anomalies associated with the donor site. Clinical failures using different kinds of grafts consisting of autograft, allograft and alloplastic materials may be seen in the future. Failure to achieve the desired nasal contour and normal looking appearance is a common finding in cleft lip nasal rhinoplasty.

## **Author details**

Fereydoun Pourdanesh1\* and Behnam Bohluli2

\*Address all correspondence to: drpourdanesh@gmail.com

1 Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Azad University, Tehran, Iran

#### **References**


[8] Lee DW, Choi B-K, Park Be-Y.Y, Seven Fundamental Procedures for Definitive Cor‐ rection of Unilateral Secondary Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity in Soft Tissue Aspects, J Oral Maxillofac Surg,2011 :69:e420-e430,

traditional rhinoplasty. Patients should be warned of possible need for secondary rhinoplasty, need for minor or even major revision, existence of nostril asymmetry, visible scars, skin necrosis, dysfunction of nasal system and anomalies associated with the donor site. Clinical failures using different kinds of grafts consisting of autograft, allograft and alloplastic materials may be seen in the future. Failure to achieve the desired nasal contour and normal

1 Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry,

2 Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry,

[1] Hellings P et al, Unique approach to secondary cleft lip rhinoplasty in facial plastic

[2] Monasterio, O,F Ruas J,E, Cleft Lip Rhinoplasty: The Role of Bone and Cartilage

[3] Anastassov E.G,Joos U., Comprehensive management of cleft lip and palate deformi‐

[4] Thomas C, Primary Rhinoplasty for the Cleft Nasal Deformity. J Def Manag 2013 S3:

[5] Penfold C,Douminguez – gonzalez S Bilateral cleft lip and nose repair,bjomfs. Vol‐

[6] Nakajima T, Ogata H, Sakuma H, Long-term outcome of simultaneous repair of bi‐ lateral cleft lip and nose (a 15 year experience),brithis journal of plastic surgry,2003,

[7] El bestar M, Mansour O: Cleft lip nasal deformity : primary repair,Egypt.J,plast. Re‐

grafts clinics in Plastic Surgery-Vol. 16, No. 1, January 1989,177-187

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Fereydoun Pourdanesh1\* and Behnam Bohluli2

794 A Textbook of Advanced Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Volume 2

surgery, B-ENT, 2010,6:97-101

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(56),205-217

\*Address all correspondence to: drpourdanesh@gmail.com

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

**Author details**

Azad University, Tehran, Iran

**References**

