Contents

### **Preface XIII**


Chapter 7 **An Overview of Bioethanol Production From Algae 141** Didem Özçimen and Benan İnan

Chapter 8 **Sub and Supercritical Fluid Technologies for the Production of Renewable (Bio) Transportation Fuels 163** Harvind Kumar Reddy, Tapaswy Muppaneni and Shuguang Deng

### **Section 3 Alternative Fuels 183**


M. Caiado, A. Tropecêlo and J.E. Castanheiro

Chapter 15 **Photoacoustic Spectroscopy in the Assessment of the Quantitative Composition of the Biomass — Barley Straw 303** Kingsley L. Iroba and Tabil

Chapter 16 **Biofuels in Aircraft Engines 329** Anna Maiorova, Aleksandr Vasil'ev and Oganes Chelebyan

### **Section 5 Impact on the Environment and Policy 349**

Chapter 8 **Sub and Supercritical Fluid Technologies for the Production of Renewable (Bio) Transportation Fuels 163**

Chapter 9 **Overview of Obtaining Alternative Fuels in The Co-**

Chapter 10 **A Study of Polystyrene Solubility in Biodiesel 205** Koji Yamane and Kiyoshi Kawasaki

**Section 3 Alternative Fuels 183**

**VI** Contents

**Section 4 Quality and Exploitation 223**

**Biodiesel 251**

S. de Oliveira

**Sunflower Oil 271**

**Kinetic Study 287**

Kingsley L. Iroba and Tabil

Cruz and Rubí Romero Romero

**Vehicular Exhaust 225**

Harvind Kumar Reddy, Tapaswy Muppaneni and Shuguang Deng

**liquefaction Processes with Biomass and Coal in Malaysia 185** Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak, Siti Nur Ain Mohd Hassan, Siti Nurlia Ali, Mohd Fauzi Abdullah, Asnida Yanti Ani, Nur Nasulhah Kasim, Ali H.

Jawad, Wan Izhan Nawawi Wan Ismail and Khudzir Ismail

Chapter 11 **Impact of the Biofuels Burning on Particle Emissions from the**

Chapter 12 **Thermoanalytical Methods in Verifying the Quality of**

Chapter 13 **Qualitative Characteristics of Biodiesel Obtained from**

Chapter 14 **Valorization of Waste Cooking Oil into Biodiesel over**

M. Caiado, A. Tropecêlo and J.E. Castanheiro

Chapter 15 **Photoacoustic Spectroscopy in the Assessment of the**

Lílian Lefol Nani Guarieiro and Aline Lefol Nani Guarieiro

Marcelo Y. Misutsu, Leandro F. Cavalheiro, Thiago G. Ricci, Luiz H. Viana, Silvio C. de Oliveira, Amilcar Machulek Junior and Lincoln C.

Estelvina Rodríguez Portillo, Araceli Amaya Chávez, Arturo Colín

**Heteropolyacids Immobilized on Mesoporous Silica — A**

**Quantitative Composition of the Biomass — Barley Straw 303**


### Chapter 24 **Phosphorus Removal and Recovery from Digestate after Biogas Production 517** Hongjian Lin, Jing Gan, Aravindan Rajendran, Cristiano Eduardo Rodrigues Reis and Bo Hu

### Chapter 25 **Enhancing Biomass Utilization for Bioenergy — Crop Rotation Systems and Alternative Conversion Processes 547** Ronald Hatfield
