**7. Abbreviations**

BC, black carbon; CETESB, São Paulo State Environmental Protection Agency; GHG, green‐ house gas; HC, hydrocarbons; HDV, heavy-duty vehicles, LDV, light-duty vehicles; MASP, metropolitan area of São Paulo; NOx, nitrogen oxides; PM, particulate matter; PROCONVE, Brazilian Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Program; VOC, volatile organic compounds.
