**Author details**

Moreover, considering that corrosion is a very important factor in the utility of the whole fuel, in relation to the quality of biodiesel produced in Paraguay, the results indicate that they corrode steel to 1A (classification number of assigned 1–4 based on a comparison with the ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standards), which is considered the maximum allowed limit. This will probably reveal some sulfur presence, a consequence of an inadequate refining, as well as the emission of this type of contaminants in the use of biodiesel, although not in a

The presence of acid components could be the result of some additive components such as inhibitor agents and detergents or as degradation product formed during its use and storage [20]. Mainly, the degradation products contribute to a raise in the acidity number, which leads to the tendency to fuel corrosion on the metallic surface and increase of the degradation velocity. The acid number of crude sunflower oil was 2.8 mg KOH/g, and the moisture content and volatile matter were each 0.04%. The triacyl glycerides (TAGs) found in this oil contained 3.6% palmitic acid, 3.2% stearic acid, 78.8% oleic acid (18:1), 12.5% linoleic acid (18:2), 0.1% linoleic acid (18:3), 0.3% arachidic acid, 0.9% behenic acid, and 0.4% lignoceric acid as their main fatty acid components. The sunflower seeds used were of the high oleic acid type, as can

The total glycerin quantity indicates a probable incomplete reaction because these are oil remains without reacting, and this could produce crystallization and deposits. However, this

On the other hand, the low presence of free methanol indicates that it was successfully removed during its process. This also influences in the increase of the flashpoint and the low possibility

As to the cloud point, fog or turbidity is seen in the sample at 19°C, indicating the starting of its own crystallization when it is under continuous cooling. This parameter is also within the

From the obtained results,can be specifically concluded that biodiesel fulfills the parameters of quality demanded by the international market, presenting itself as available alternative to replace oil. Ergo, elaborated with material from sunflower with a methanolysis process, it presents some characteristics that are suitable for its use in transportation with diesel vehicles as well as safe storage conditions. However, the manufacturing and reaction conditions to determine a more complete evaluation as well as the technology behavior against changes the

Therefore, it is presented as a valid potion to diverse the energetic matrix and to replace the fossil originated fuel contributing to the reduction of carbon emission to the atmosphere

considerable scale.

284 Biofuels - Status and Perspective

allowed ranges.

be seen from the fatty acid composition.

parameter was observed still within the limits.

**4. Conclusion and recommendations**

coming from the transportation.

of corroding elements of the engine because of this factor.

raw material in order to ensure a stable product is still missing.

Estelvina Rodríguez Portillo1\*, Araceli Amaya Chávez2\*, Arturo Colín Cruz2 and Rubí Romero Romero2

\*Address all correspondence to: aamayac@uaemex.mx

1 Research Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Itapúa, Encarnación, Paraguay

2 Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colon Esq. Tollocan, Toluca, Mexico
