Preface

Chapter 8 **The Influence of Nonlinear Effects Upon Oscillation Regimes of**

João M.P. Coelho, Catarina Silva, Marta Nespereira, Manuel Abreu

Ashok K. Sood, John W. Zeller, Robert A. Richwine, Yash R. Puri, Harry Efstathiadis, Pradeep Haldar, Nibir K. Dhar and Dennis L. Polla

David Sánchez Montero, Isabel Pérez Garcilópez, Carmen Vázquez García, Pedro Contreras Lallana, Alberto Tapetado Moraleda and

Mohammad Syuhaimi Ab-Rahman , Hadi Guna and Norhana Arsad

Chapter 9 **Writing of Long Period Fiber Gratings Using CO2 Laser**

Chapter 10 **SiGe Based Visible-NIR Photodetector Technology for Optoelectronic Applications 315**

Chapter 11 **Self-Coherent Reflective Passive Optical Networks 365**

Chapter 12 **Recent Advances in Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing Plastic**

**Section 3 Passive Optical Network Technology 363**

S. Straullu, S. Abrate and R. Gaudino

**Optical Fiber Technologies 387**

Chapter 13 **Optimization of WDM-POF Network for In-Car Entertainment System 425**

Plinio Jesús Pinzón Castillo

**Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers 253** Y.O. Barmenkov and A.V. Kir'yanov

**Radiation 287**

**VI** Contents

and José Rebordão

This book is a compilation of works presenting recent developments and practical applica‐ tions in optical fiber technology. It provides an overview of recent advances in optical fiber related researches of fundamental topics and applications. It is divided into three sections of seven, four and three chapters respectively.

The first section presents recent studies on various optical phenomena such as scattering, dispersion, polarization, interference, fuse phenomena and optical manipulation. Chapter 1 introduces the basic principle and recent advances of Brillouin scattering in optical fibers. The working mechanism, different interrogation techniques, challenges and breakthroughs of Brillouin based distributed optical fiber sensors are also reported in this chapter. Chapter 2 reviews the principle and applications of the poly-harmonic (two-frequency or four-fre‐ quency) CW laser systems for characterization of Mandelstam-Brillouin gain contour, Ram‐ an scattering contours and FBG reflection spectra. Chapter 3 discusses various design approaches for dispersion compensating fiber and offers a guideline to flexible design opti‐ cal fibers used in telecommunication systems. This chapter also describes how to control the location and shape of the chromatic dispersion curves in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). Chapter 4 explains the description of polarized light, polarization phenomena in optical fi‐ ber links, modeling of polarization phenomena and polarizing component. The understand‐ ing on polarization effects is important to comprehend the signal propagation in modern long haul light-wave communication networks. Chapter 5 presents a simulation study on fuse phenomena in an optical fiber. In this study, the threshold power of fiber fuse propaga‐ tion in hole-assisted fibers (HAFs) is evaluated using the finite-difference method. Chapter 6 reports a theoretical study on fiber-based cylindrical vector beams and its applications to optical manipulation.

The second section covers optical fiber applications in fiber laser and sensor. The emergence of PCFs in the late nineties gave new impetus to the mode area scaling of single-mode opti‐ cal fibers. Chapter 7 gives a brief introduction to the key approaches to effective mode area scaling in PCF that show great potentials in future high power fiber lasers. Chapter 8 re‐ views some of the well-known nonlinear-optical effects that affect the oscillation regimes of Erbium-doped fiber lasers (EDFLs). The development of optical fiber gratings (OFGs) have brought about astounding advances in research and development of optical communica‐ tions and sensors. Among OFGs, long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) are one of the most im‐ portant fiber-based sensors. Chapter 9 addresses the application of CO2 laser radiation in writing LPFGs and the physical principles involved in the process. Chapter 10 covers recent advances in SiGe based detector technology, including device operation, fabrication process‐ es, and various optoelectronic applications. Optical sensing technology is critical for defense and commercial applications including telecommunications, which requires near-infrared (NIR) detection in the 1300-1550 nm wavelength range.

The third section comprises three chapters related to PON technology. Fiber-optic access networks are necessary for a real broadband delivery, allowing the fiber to arrive closer to the final customer, eventually up to the premises equipment. Such infrastructures, depend‐ ing on the depth of reach of the fiber, are usually referred to as FTTX (Fiber To The X), where X stands for H (Home), B (Building), C (Curb) or Cab (Cabinet). In this section, a new development of passive optical network (PON) and plastic optical fibers technologies are presented. Chapter 11 provides a general description of the self-coherent reflective PON ar‐ chitecture as a possible technological approach to the NG-PON2 (Next Generation PON 2) requirements in terms of performance, cost, wavelength control and data transmission capa‐ bility, among others. Chapter 12 reports the state-of-the art, description and experimental validation of different POF-based key devices that provide an easy-reconfigurable perform‐ ance for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) applications. The last chapter demon‐ strates a POF based solutions in WDM network and some effects due to the placement of color filters as a demultiplexer for the In-Car Entertainment System.

> **Moh Yasin** Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga Univesity, Indonesia

**Sulaiman Wadi Harun** Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia

**Hamzah Arof** Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
