**Author details**

Thalidomide possesses anti-angiogenetic action [110]. In a phase II clinical trial in 24 patients with chemotherapy-unresponsive recurrent endometrial cancer, 3 patients (12.5%) experi‐ enced partial response and 2 patients (8.3%) had a progression-free survival of more than 6 months. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were roughly 1.7 and 6.3

Sunitinib is a multi-kinase inhibitor with an anti-angiogenetic action. It is currently under investigation in clinical trials to assess its effectiveness in management of patients with

The existing response rates to molecular-targeted regimen as single-agent treatment are largely insignificant and additional randomized clinical trials are necessary, probably with a combi‐ nation of currently available treatments and an exploration for elements influencing molecular

**•** Comprehensive surgical staging for endometrial cancer is recommended (total hysterecto‐ my, bilateral salpingooophorectomy, peritoneal cytology, intraoperative bilateral pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection). It allows accurate delineation of the extent of the disease and subsequently allows identifying patients who may benefit from adjuvant

**•** The extent of lymph node dissection (bilateral pelvic and/or para-aortic) in surgical staging of patients with endometrial cancer, regardless of FIGO staging, remains controversial.

**•** As opposed to laparotomy, conventional laparoscopy ―whenever technically possible― should be considered as the recommended (primary) approach for comprehensive surgical

**•** For patients with recurrent endometrial cancer, optimal cytoreduction (even if multiple) is

**•** For patients with recurrent endometrial cancer and peritoneal metastasis, the role of hyperthemic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is still experimental. Despite initial promising

**•** For high-risk patients with endometrial cancer, adjuvant treatment (radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or both) is recommended, and appropriate selection of patients for adjuvant

**•** For high-risk patients with endometrial cancer, adjuvant pelvic external beam radiation therapy is recommended over vaginal brachytherapy. Conversely, in low-risk patients with

months, respectively [125].

170 Contemporary Gynecologic Practice

targeted drug sensitivity.

**7. Conclusion**

therapy.

recurrent endometrial cancer [109, 110].

**•** Management of endometrial cancer is challenging.

staging in patients with endometrial cancer

results, additional studies are needed.

therapy is critical.

associated with increased disease-progression survival.

**•** Endometrial cancer is primarily treated with surgical staging.

Ahmed Abu-Zaid 1,2\* and Ismail A. Al-Badawi1,2

\*Address all correspondence to: i\_albadawi@yahoo.com

1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2 College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
