**1. Introduction**

Endometrial cancer is the most frequent gynecologic malignancy in the United States and the sixth most frequent malignancy worldwide. The highest incidence of endometrial cancer is reported in North America, followed by Central and Eastern Europe. Conversely, the lowest incidence of endometrial cancer is reported in developing countries such as Central and Western Africa [1]. In the United States, roughly 47,000 new cases of endometrial cancer and 8,000 related deaths are recorded yearly [2]. The incidence of endometrial cancer has dramat‐ ically increased by 21% since 2008, and unfortunately, the mortality rate per 100,000 cases has increased by more than 100% over the last two decades, and by 8% since 2008 [3].

At the time of clinical diagnosis, it has been estimated that approximately 75% of endometrial cancer patients have early stage disease (FIGO stage I and II) with a 5-year overall survival of 80% to 90% [4, 5]. However, nearly 10% to 15% of patients with early-stage disease develop recurrences after the primary surgical treatment [6, 7]. Conversely, a very small group of patients are unlucky and present with advanced stage disease with unfortunate prognoses. The 5-year survival rates for regional disease (FIGO stage III) and distant disease (FIGO stage IV) are 57% and 19%, respectively [8].

Management of endometrial cancer can be very challenging, even for early-stage disease. The objective of the chapter is to comprehensively shed light on the past, present and future perspectives on the different treatment modalities employed in the management of endome‐ trial cancer.

© 2015 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
