*1.1.3. FSO Advantages*

on the speed and required availability. The importance of this chapter is to introduce the FSO

We will briefly focus on concept of FSO technology in section 1. Section 2 presents an optical wireless transceiver design and FSO main components and transmission media. Mathematical model of atmospheric turbulence of FSO is illustrated in section 3. Second part of this study is a case study to adapt between theoretical and practical parts of FSO technique, where series of simulations results are demonstrated and analyzed. In section 4, we demonstrate the first practical part, simulation results and discussion of geometric loss and total attenuation. The second part of case study explores the optical link budget is presented in section 5. Third part of case study shows the simulation results of BER and SNR of this proposed work is demon‐ strated in section 6. Section 7 presents some concluding remarks. Finally, we propose some

important questions related to this chapter for self-evaluation.

**•** Temporary network installation for events or other purpose as disaster recovery

**•** For communications between spacecraft, including elements of satellite constellation

**•** Military application: (its potential for low electromagnetic emanation when transferring

**•** Metro network extensions: carriers can deploy FSO to extend existing metropolitan area fiber rings, to connect new networks, and, in their core infrastructure, to complete SONET

**•** Enterprise connectivity: the ease with which FSO links can be installed makes them a natural for interconnecting local area network segments that are housed in buildings separated by

**•** Fiber backup: FSO may also be deployed in redundant links to backup fiber in place of a

**•** Backhaul: FSO can be used to carry cellular telephone traffic from antenna towers back to

**•** Service acceleration: FSO can be also used to provide instant service to fiber-optic customers

**•** Last-Mile access: In today's cities, more than 95% of the buildings do not have access to the fiber optic infrastructure due to the development of communication systems after the metropolitan areas. FSO technology seems a promising solution to the connection of endusers to the service providers or to other existing networks. Moreover, FSO provides high-

speed connection up to Gbps, which is far more beyond the alternative systems.

**•** Telecommunication and computer networking

public streets or other right-of-way property.

while their fiber infrastructure is being laid.

facilities wired into the public switched telephone network.

technique step by step.

160 Contemporary Issues in Wireless Communications

*1.1.2. FSO applications [1,2]*

**•** Point-to-point LOS links

**•** Security applications

second fiber link.

rings.

sensitive data for air forces)

