**3. Results and discussion**

## **3.1 Pests assessment on lettuces**

The trapping on the level of lettuces allowed the identification of six (6) Orders grouping together in total forty two (42) families of insects. They are: 10 families of Beetles, 9 families of Hymenopterans, 10 families of Dipterans, 7 families of Hemiptera, 3 families of Lepidoptera and 3 families of Orthoptera. Seventy nine per cent (79 %) of these families are present on the untreated plot (blank) whereas 69 % meet on the treated plot with Deltaméthrin (Tabl 1, 2, 3) (Graphic 1).

We counted 79% of pests in the untreated lettuce plots against 69% in the deltamethrin treated plots with the Hemiptera representing the most important group of devastators pests. The pests recolonization of the field plots was done 12 days after the first application of acephate against 8 days with deltamethhrin. The agrochemicals application makes it possible to reduce by 50% the losses of production of the Lettuces salad (Graphic 1).


( - ) = Absent (+) = Present P = Pest insects T = Non -Target Insects N = Neutrals

Table 1. Order and Insects families' identified on lettuces


The final identification of the fungus was made after observation of the samples under a microscope (enlarged to a size 400 times) and according to known keys of identification

We sowed under the fume hood raw water of boring in the Petri glass, on culture medium sterilized. The analysis consisted of identifying thermotolerant Coliform and fecal Streptococci and counting of the colonies of red or pink coloring of 2 to 3 millimeters (mm)

The trapping on the level of lettuces allowed the identification of six (6) Orders grouping together in total forty two (42) families of insects. They are: 10 families of Beetles, 9 families of Hymenopterans, 10 families of Dipterans, 7 families of Hemiptera, 3 families of Lepidoptera and 3 families of Orthoptera. Seventy nine per cent (79 %) of these families are present on the untreated plot (blank) whereas 69 % meet on the treated plot with

We counted 79% of pests in the untreated lettuce plots against 69% in the deltamethrin treated plots with the Hemiptera representing the most important group of devastators pests. The pests recolonization of the field plots was done 12 days after the first application of acephate against 8 days with deltamethhrin. The agrochemicals application makes it possible to reduce by 50% the losses of production of the Lettuces

**THE COLEOPTERA ORDER** 

Traps

+ - - + + - + + - -

( - ) = Absent (+) = Present P = Pest insects T = Non -Target Insects N = Neutrals

Treated Plots Untreated Plots

Areas Traps

> - - + + - - + + - -

Grounds Traps

> - + + + - + + - + +

Grounds Traps

> - + + - - + + - + -

recolonization following the various treatments.

in diameter. The criterion of assessment is fixed to 2x103.

(BOTTON.B et al, 1990; KIFFER. E et al, 1997).

**2.5 Irrigated water monitoring** 

**3. Results and discussion** 

**3.1 Pests assessment on lettuces** 

Deltaméthrin (Tabl 1, 2, 3) (Graphic 1).

FAMILIES RELATION Areas

P T P T P P P&T T T T

Table 1. Order and Insects families' identified on lettuces

salad (Graphic 1).

Buprestidae Carabidae Chrysomelidae Coccinellidae Elateridae Hydrophilidae Scarabaeidae Staphylinidae Tenebrionidae Cicindelidae


( - ) = Absent (+) = Present P = Pest insects T = Non -Target Insects N = Neutrals

Table 2. Order and Insects families' identified on lettuces

Quality of Vegetables and Pests Control in African Urban Cities 23

On the spinach Seven (7) Orders grouping together in total Thirty seven (37) families of insects were identified. They are: 9 families of Beetles, 9 families of Hymenoptera, 10 families of Diptera, 4 families of Hemiptera, 2 families of Lepidoptera, 2 families of

84 % of these families were present on the Untreated against 57 % on the treated plot with

**THE COLEOPTERA ORDER** 

**THE HYMENOPTERA ORDER** 

Traps


( - ) = Absent (+) = Present P = Pest insects T = Non- Target Insects N = Neutrals

Traps


Treated Plots Untreated Plots

Treated Plots Untreated Plots

Areas Traps

> + - - + + - + + +

Areas Traps

> - - + + + + + + +

Grounds Traps

> + + + + - - + - -

Grounds Traps

> + - - - - + + - -

Grounds Traps

> + + + + - - - - -

Grounds Traps

> + + - - - - - - -

**3.2 Pests sssessment on spinaches** 

Orthoptera, and 1 family of Isoptera.

FAMILIES RELATION Areas

FAMILIES RELATION Areas

N T P T T T T T T

Table 4. Order and Insects families' identified on Spinach

T T T P T T T P P

Cypermethrin.

Carabidae Cicindelidae Scarabaeidae Hydrophilidae Staphylinidae Coccinellidae Ténébrionidae Chrysomélidae Elateridae

Pompilidae Ichneumonidae Tenthrédinidae Sphecidae Crabronidae Vespidae Formicidae Nyssonidae Bethylidae


( - ) = Absent (+) = Present P = Pest insects T = Non -Target Insects N = Neutrals

Table 3. Order and Insects families' identified on lettuces

Graphic 1. Pests Control on Lettuces
