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**15** 

*2KIIT University,* 

*India* 

**Application of Some Herbal Extracts and** 

**Effects of Cypermethrin and Carbofuran in** 

Subhendu Adhikari\*, Amita Chattopadhyay1 and Biplab Sarkar2

**Indian Major Carp, Labeo Rohita** 

*1Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture,* 

**Calcium as an Antidote to Counteract the Toxic** 

Pesticides that are transported to the aquatic environment are primarily of agricultural origin. Sometimes, pesticides are applied to the fish ponds to control fish diseases. In the process, the residues that reach the hydrosphere are concentrated in certain parts of the aquatic ecosystem or remain in solution for extended periods or adsorbed to the particulate matter and thereby deposited in the sediments. Thus, pesticides could be accumulated in the body of the aquatic animals. Most of the pesticides act on the respiratory process and cholinergic nervous system and hamper the cell metabolism in addition to other disturbances. Thus, a formulation of antidotes to counteract pesticides is an important aspect of pollution research and work in this direction is in the initial stages. Zamfir (1979) worked on the possibilities of removal of pesticide polluted water in treatment stations and described some methodologies, i.e., flocculation and filtration that can partially removed DOT, 2,4,5-T, Endrin, Parathion and Lindane. Chlorine oxidation can remove parathion; diuron etc., ozone and potassium permanganate appear to extract effects similar to those of chlorination. Activated charcoal has positive effects in the removal of absorption of most

Some indirect approaches have also been employed by some scientists and their methods were environmental or nutritional manipulation. Sado et. al. (1992) reported that increased temperature and optimum levels of dissolved oxygen (by aerator) can decrease the pesticidal action. The application of lime to increase the pH for counteraction of the toxic effects of pesticides is also documented. Ghazaly (1994) and Mukherjee (1996) evaluated efficacy of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) for the intoxication of different pollutants including pesticides. Application of different herbal extracts for this purpose could play a very

\* Soil and Water Chemistry Section, Aquaculture Production and Environment Division, Central

pesticides and U-V rays also can remove a certain amount of pesticides.

important role to mitigate the toxic effect of pesticides.

Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Orissa, India

**1. Introduction** 

