**8. References**


interaction between TNS model and numerical error benefits LES. So low order discretization scheme plus a more dissipative TNS model can get good enough result. In addition, the energy at cut-off wavenumber for LES is still relative large, so the effect of aliasing error increases. We have to admit that due to the time and our knowledge limitation, the study on the numerical error is not full enough. There are some excellent

This research is supported by NSF China Grants No. 10502029, Hunan nature science found 10JJ3018 and the Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body 31075013. I am greatly grateful to Dr. Domaradzki and Dr.

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works by other researches available.

**7. Acknowledgment** 

**8. References** 


**3**

*Brazil* 

**An Introduction of Central Difference Scheme** 

The quest for understanding the mechanisms responsible for the vortex shedding process comes from past decades, but it is still challenging. The turbulent wake downstream of bluff bodies induces alternating and dynamic loads in the bodies like (antennas, chimneys, suspended bridges, a set of risers and structures in general). These structures can produce disastrous results. Extrapolating the scale of the phenomena, one can refer to petroleum exploration, which starting from the platforms to the seabed, there are risers that are cylindrical tubes of great length. They are subjected to ocean currents and suffer fluiddynamic effort. The consequence is that the phenomenon as fatigue and wear are

Thus, the study of problems involving immersed bodies is motivated by great technological challenges, both within the academic and industrial environment. Fluid-structure interaction is today one of the crucial problems in various areas of mechanical and civil engineering, because of the necessity of extensive structures subjected to fluid-dynamic random efforts. Therefore, it is important to appreciate the great importance of the study of flow around stationary circular cylinder in order to extrapolate to moving bodies or to set of moving bodies. This is a model, used to simulate, for example, a set of risers. We also emphasize the importance of such studies, including transition and turbulent flows, in order

In the context of fluid mechanics, the study of fluid flows and how they interact with solid materials has been of great interest in various fields such as civil and mechanical engineering, meteorology and environment. In recent decades, great efforts have been made for the development of new numerical methods to analyze the wide range of problems in fluid mechanics, as well as improving existing ones. The Computational Fluid Dynamics has been considered an interesting tool to simulate various problems of practical interest in engineering. The literature shows different computational methods with several techniques to solve differential equations aiming to accuracy of results. Different numerical methods developed for the study of flow in the presence of immersed bodies are basically divided into techniques based on the immersed boundary method, and those based on meshes that are able to adapt to the immersed body inside the flow. However, there is no method that can be considered absolutely superior to others. The choice of the most appropriate method should be made case by case, taking into account the specific characteristics of the focused

accelerated, reducing the useful life of equipment and could lead them to collapse.

**1. Introduction** 

problem.

to better approximate the real conditions.

**Stability for High Reynolds Number**

da Silva, A. R.; Silveira-Neto, A. and de Lima, A. M. G. *Federal University of Uberlândia/School of Mechanical Engineering* 

