**5. References**


**Part 2** 

**Biomechanical and Physical Studies** 


**Part 2** 

**Biomechanical and Physical Studies** 

204 Biomaterials – Physics and Chemistry

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**10** 

**Biomechanical Properties of Synovial** 

*Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterial Engineering, Faculty of Civ. Engineering,* 

The properties and behaviour of articular cartilage (**AC**) have been studied from numerous aspects. A number of biomechanical models of the properties and behaviour of AC are available today. The traditional model presents cartilage as homogeneous, isotropic and biphase material (Armstrong et al., 1984). There also exist models of transversally isotropic biphase cartilage material (Cohen et al., 1992; Cohen et al., 1993), non-linear poroelastic cartilage material (Li et al., 1999), models of poroviscoelastic (Wilson et al., 2005) and hyperelastic cartilage material (Garcia & Cortes, 2006), models of triphase cartilage material (Lai et al., 1991; Ateshian et al., 2004), and other models (Wilson et al., 2004; Jurvelin et al., 1990). The published models differ, more or less, by the angle of their authors' view of the

The authors base their theories on various assumptions concerning the mutual links between the structural components of the cartilage matrix and their interactions on the

The system behaviour of AC very depend on nonlinear properties of synovial fluid (**SF**). Certain volumes of SF are moveable components during the mechanical loading in the peripheral zone of AC. Biomechanical properties of peripheral zone of AC are significantly

The hydrodynamic lubrication systems and influences of residual strains on the initial presupplementation of articular plateaus by synovial fluid were not sufficiently analyzed up

Our research has been focused on analyses of residual strains arising in AC at cyclic loading and on the viscous properties of SF. Residual strains in articular cartilage contribute the

SF reacts very sensitively to the magnitude of shear stress and to the velocity of the rotation of the femoral and tibial part of the knee joint round their relative centre of rotation when the limb shifts from flexion to extension and vice versa. Shear stresses decrease aggregations

Articular cartilage (AC) is a viscohyperelastic composite biomaterial whose biomechanical

properties and behaviour of articular cartilage during its loading.

influenced by change of SF viscosity due to mechanical loading.

preaccumulation of articular surfaces by synovial fluid.

of macromolecules of hyaluronic acid in SF.

**1. Introduction**

molecular level.

functions consist

to now.

**Fluid in/Between Peripheral Zones** 

Miroslav Petrtyl, Jaroslav Lisal and Jana Danesova

**of Articular Cartilage** 

*Czech Technical University in Prague* 

*Czech Republic* 
