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**19** 

*India* 

**SPAR Profiles for the Assessment of Genetic** 

*1Plant Molecular Biology (Genomics), CSIR - National Botanical Research Institute,* 

*4(Present Adress) B2/M91 SBI Colony, Sector B, Janakipuram, Lucknow, U.P. State* 

Betelvine (*Piper betle* L., family Piperaceae) is an important, traditional and an ancient crop of India and is a shade loving, perennial evergreen climber of tropical origin. It is generally known as "Paan" in Hindi in the Indian subcontinent and by different names in the Asiatic region and is a plant of considerable antiquity. It is distributed in several countries in including India as well as other countries of Indochina region - Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Laos, Kampuchea, Thailand, Myanmar, Singapore and the Far-East (Figure 1), where its cultivation or ethnomedicinal properties are well known. In India, betelvine is widely cultivated in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Northeastern India, Maharashtra, Karnataka, West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Andamans and almost the entire production of betel leaves is consumed fresh as a

Betelvines are dioecious and therefore, under controlled hybridization, attempts have been made to cross different landraces and in some of these experiments, viable seed set has also been reported. However, as a crop, propagation is obligately only through vegetative means. Its cultivation in northern India under sub-tropical conditions (Figure 2) has been shown to be a unique case of plant establishment under anthropogenically regulated microclimatic conditions (Kumar 1999). Cultivated betelvine is grown in traditional farming systems many of which are managed exclusively by families or communities. The betelvine growers invariably named their cultivars with local or vernacular names. These cultivated betelvines are therefore, nothing but landraces and it is this description that will be used consistently throughout the manuscript. A survey over several years indicated between 125 to 150 local cultivars (landraces) of betelvines in

**1. Introduction** 

masticatory.

India.

Shirish A. Ranade1, Anjali Soni1,2 and Nikhil Kumar3,4

*2(Present Address) Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South* 

*3Betelvine Biotechnology, CSIR - National Botanical Research Institute,* 

 *Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow U.P. State* 

*Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat State* 

*Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow. U.P. State* 

**Diversity Between Male and Female Landraces** 

**of the Dioecious Betelvine Plant (***Piper betle* **L.)** 

