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**18** 

*Canada* 

**Movements and Habitat Use by Lake** 

**Lake in the Canadian Shield** 

Terry A. Dick1, D. Block2 and Dale Webber3

*2Department of Highways, Province of Manitoba 3Vemco, Division of Amirix, Halifax Nova Scotia* 

**Sturgeon (***Acipenser fulvescens***) in an** 

**Unperturbed Environment: A Small Boreal** 

*1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba* 

The order Acipenseriformes, belonging to a group of basal Acthopterygian fishes (Choudhury and Dick 1998**),** has two living families (Acipenseridae and Polyodontidae), 6 genera**,** and 26 species worldwide (Nelson and Paetz, 1992; Nelson 1994**).** The Acipenseridae are old with the fossil record of sturgeon like fish dating back 100 million years to the upper Cretaceous (Harkness and Dymond 1961, Fogle 1975, Pearce 1986, Mecozzi 1988, Choudhury and Dick 1998**).** Fossils of an extinct family, the chondrosteidae, are dated from the lower Jurassic to the lower Cretaceous **(**Scott and Crossman 1998**).** Other authors state that sturgeon species are primitive relicts of the Devonian period 300 million years ago (Glover 1961, Ono et al. 1983, Houston 1987). Choudhury and Dick (1998) suggest that acipenserid**s** diversified within a narrow time frame and lapsed into a subsequent long

The lake sturgeon has the most local names of al1 North American sturgeon species. These names include: rock, common, red, ruddy, Ohio, stone, shell-back, bony, freshwater, smooth-back, rubbernose**,** black, dogface, bull-nosed and Great Lakes sturgeon (Harkness and Dymond 1961, Williams and Vondett 1962, Scott and Crossman 1998), Pearce 1986,

The decline of sturgeon populations throughout the world (Bemis and Findeis, 1994) and in North America is well documented. Population numbers plummeted around the turn of the 20th century as a result of over-fishing (Prince, 1905, Dick et al. 1998). The continued decline of populations across Canada is due to a variety of factors including habitat loss, continued fishing pressure in the form of commercial, sport, and subsistence fisheries. Consequently, the Committee on the Status on Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) raised major concerns on the status of the species and a report was written for Canada by Dick et al. (2006a). Considerable effort has gone into sturgeon research over the past two decades and since then the understanding of lake sturgeon biology and habitat use has improved, facilitating the possible rehabilitation of some populations. The Manitoba records on lake sturgeon population declines are relatively complete because there are good historical records for lake

**1. Introduction** 

Mecozzi 1988).

period of morphologica1 stasis**.** 

