*5.2.2. Metabolic signaling pathways*

Since glucose is a metabolic product or must be involved in the cell's metabolic pathways before its usefulness is realized; therefore, it is necessary to assume that metabolic pathways, involving glucose molecule are those pathways crucial for memory formation or retrieval. Unfortunately, research in this aspect is scanty. A number of signaling pathways are involved in glucose metabolism, but there is no sufficient evidence on how they are associated with memory function [80]. The widely studied signaling pathways that have a relationship between glucose metabolism and memory functions [81, 82] include CREB pathway [83, 84], AMPK [85, 86], Notch signaling [87], mTOR pathway [88] etc. The mTOR pathway has been majorly implicated in both glucose and memory function. Importantly, it was reported that glucose specifically affects memory through this pathway [84, 88, 89].
