**1. Introduction**

Recent studies have reported adipose tissue as a crucial site for the generation of inflammatory responses and mediators in metabolic syndrome. In addition to the intrinsic properties of adipocytes in energy storage and metabolic homeostasis, adipose tissue serves as a key area for the interaction of adipocytes with other factors of the immune system.

An important feature of inflammation is recruitment of immune cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages. Macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue in obese conditions has been studied in both mice and humans. It has been suggested that expanding adipocytes or neighboring pre-adipocytes could start to produce chemotactic signals inducing to macro‐ phage recruitment, and this event is linked to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.

In this chapter, we describe several chemotactic factors that have been implicated in the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes and macrophages into adipose tissue.
