**1. Introduction**

One of the major functions of brain cells (neurons) is to receive, store, and participate in information retrieval – an important process for the successful daily activities of humans [1-3]. This function of neurons is termed 'memory' [1, 4, 5]. The present understanding of memory function is the product of the pioneering work of the German scientist Hermann Ebbinghaus [5]. Research suggests that many factors (both endogenous and exogenous) could affect memory function [6-8]. However, the effect of glucose on memory function remains extremely significant for the following reasons [9-12]. First, glucose is the vital energy substrate for neuronal functions [13, 14]. Second, inadequate level of glucose in the blood has been associ‐ ated with a decrease in memory function [15]. Third, disorders in glucose metabolism have been related to various aspects of memory disorders [8, 16]. Furthermore, metabolic products of glucose in neurons themselves participate in one or more stages of memory formation [17-20]. Notwithstanding the significant accumulation of research data in last decades on the relationship between glycemiа and neuronal functions [11, 12, 21], the mechanisms of how glucose affect memory functions remains entirely not understood. In this chapter, we shall examine the possible mechanisms and processes involved in the glucose regulation of memory function. We shall elaborate on the effect of glucose on the major processes of memory functions, precisely on the formation and retrieval of "neural data" – memory.
