**Author details**

in question require to decontaminate a particular area, the phytoremediation only would

Nevertheless, currently there is a widespread idea that the species used for phytoremediation of soil can also generate economic gains beyond decontamination. The use of oil crops, for example, *Crambe abyssinica H., Moringa oleifera L*. and *Jatropha curcas*, in which the product marketing is not consumed as food, but as biofuel (biodiesel), is a possibility to decrease the cost of recovery of the contaminated area. Thus the fact that the plant has accumulated large amounts of heavy metal will have little influence on the end product of the culture, generating

Moreover, oil crops like *C. abyssinica, M. oleifera* and *J. curcas*, have been the subject of research in the removal of toxic metals such as Cd, Pb, Cr and water through the adsorp‐ tion process, in which the pie their seeds are used as adsorbent [98-101]. The results of these studies demonstrated great potential for removal of these metals, and that these adsorb‐ ents are obtained at minimal charges, because they are wastes generated by the extraction

Thus, the use of cultures for vegetable oil production and recovery of contaminated areas can be an interesting alternative, which will generate the money from oil production and recovery / stabilization of the contaminated area with the development of these cultures, preventing them be lost through leaching or soil surface runoff and reach the groundwater and surface water and groundwater. However, more researches are still needed In order to evaluate this possibility, focusing on the development of oil-producing plants and cycles of addition of the adsorbent material and the biodegradability thereof. Between this and other issues to which scientific research is driven, many studies still need to be developed so that, in one way or

Based on information existing in the Brazilian and international literature, we can make some

The fertilization of plants is one of the major reasons of the increase in food production across the globe. Consequently, the use of fertilizers in agricultural crops is extremely high and growing, however, for the maintenance of this production capacity, we should be very careful

The presence of toxic metals in fertilizers has been reported in the major food producing countries, like United States, China and Brazil. This demonstrates that this issue deserves further detailed studies of long-term about the successive addition and the effects of these contaminants to crops, soil, supply chain and the wider environment. Thus, the institutions of research and supervision, have to evaluate the products that are used for the manufacture of fertilizers on the market, as this is an activity that generate large amounts of money and that

another, the quest for sustainability will one day be achieved.

with the fertilizers sources that are being used in agriculture.

will always be a target of people with questionable character.

generate costs, especially with seeds, agricultural machinery, irrigation, etc.

profit for the property.

126 Environmental Risk Assessment of Soil Contamination

of vegetable oil.

**7. Conclusion**

important observations:

Affonso Celso Gonçalves Jr.1 , Herbert Nacke2 , Daniel Schwantes3 and Gustavo Ferreira Coelho4

\*Address all correspondence to: affonso133@hotmail.com

1 Western Paraná State University, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Marechal Cândido Ron‐ don, Brazil

2 University Center Dynamic of Cataracts, Technological Center, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil

3 Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Polytechnic School, Toledo, Brazil

4 Federal University of Paraná, Palotina, Brazil
