**7. Conclusion**

Polluted soils and soil-related natural resources can be decontaminated using living organisms including plant species classified as hyperaccumulators. Besides several microbial species can be used in bioremediation process since they can perform and efficient biodegradation activities. Efficacy in microbial degradation as well as microbial growth and activity are readily affected by edaphic characteristics like aeration, pH, temperature, and moisture. Bioremedia‐ tion ensures a minimum impact on the ecosystem, minimizing the presence of potentially toxic by-products after the process.. There are *ex situ* and *in situ* methods of bioremediation; but, most *in situ* bioremediation techniques are generally the most desirable options due to costeffectiveness and limited impact since they can be performed in situ; avoiding excavation and transport of contaminants. The *in situ*technique proves more affordable in rural communities with higher prevalence of poverty. The main drawback is associated with long-term character of bioremediation. However, most bioremediation techniques are constrained by high specificity of operation, long period of degradation and lack of acceptable endpoints of treatment. Further research is needed to overcome the time constraint of bioremediation processes as well and to increase the spectrum of activity of microbial species to address a variety of wastes that are currently generated and entering the soil..
