**Acknowledgements**

**4.4. Brazil was a particularly productive country for rabies research**

between these potential zoonosis-transmitting animals and humans [29].

**4.5. Development of patent applications for rabies control in China**

extracts increased greatly, as described in section 3.5.

and vaccine development were found to be progressing.

related to rabies control.

**5. Conclusion**

leading role in rabies research in Brazil.

176 Trends in Infectious Diseases

Like the US, France, and the UK, Brazil was considered to be a productive country for rabies research because it published the fourth highest number of articles (Table 1). The Universidade de Sao Paulo was ranked fourth among the top five organizations (Figure 3) and it played a

Brazil may have a high level of rabies research because this country has initiated nationwide public campaigns to vaccinate dogs and cats against rabies, which have demanded studies to assess the antibody levels in vaccinated animals [29]. Moreover, research on rabies control has been active because the population has a serious risk of infection given the close relationships

China exhibited a remarkable increase in patent applications (Figure 5). It was significant that China overtook the US with respect to the number of patent applications after 2007. From a technological perspective, patent applications related to natural products and Chinese herbal

The Chinese statistics showed that 1,633,000 patent applications (the total number of invention patents, design patents, and utility models) were filed with the State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) by 2011, with a greater than threefold increase during 2005 alone [30]. This remarkable increase in the overall volume of patent applications in China may be attributable to the subsidization policy specified by the China Elements of Strategy for Intellectural Property Right, which facilitated the creation, application, protection, and management of intellectual property rights in 2008. Thus, the notable increase in overall patent applications after the change in China's policy may have led to the increased number of patent applications

This chapter describes the trends in research and technology development related to rabies control during 2001–2011, which illustrate the measures introduced to control zoonoses. We found that the research and technology development activities differed among countries, which were characterized as diverse and polyspecific. The methods used for rabies diagnosis

The highly cited research on agent-based modeling and economic impact analysis shows that new interdisciplinary studies of rabies are being conducted. These studies are aimed to accelerate the development of domestic and international management frameworks for rabies.

This bibliometric and patent analysis did not demonstrate that articles (indicators of research outputs) were closely linked to patent applications (indicators of technology development). Our method aimed to measure science linkage to analyze the effects of science and research The study described in this chapter was supported by a Japanese Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) (research project number 23580435). We thank Mr. Mitsuaki Baba (Property Co., Ltd.) for his technical support to survey patents.
