**4. Conclusion**

The development of applications for embedded systems, as well the design of controllers to be performed by dedicate processors, can be immensely facilitated using the co-simulation approaches such as the Processor-In-The-Loop and Hardware-In-The-Loop. This validation scheme has been used as a way to move beyond on strictly computer simulations, opening the studies to realistic problems related to communication and exchange of data between embed‐ ded processor and controlled system, e.g. time delays, reliability of transmitted and received data, and processing time of the controller. These features are particularly useful for the design of artificial satellite embedded systems. That is the case of the example discussed here, a module function for the attitude control to be performed by an embedded digital processor.
