**8. General mechanism (s) of action of medicinal plants with antidiabetic property**

Different mechanisms of action of medicinal plants with anti-diabetic have been extensively described. These include inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption [46], stimulation of insulin secretion from beta cells of islets or/and inhibition of insulin degradative processes, reduction in insulin resistance [47] regenerating and/or repairing pancreatic beta cells with increasing the size and number of cells in the islets of Langerhans [45]. Stimulation of insulin secretion [48] and stimulation of glycogenesis and hepaticglycolysis [49] with antidiabetic plants is well established. Also, protective effect on the destruction of the beta cells and improvement in digestion along with reduction in blood sugar urea has been documented [50]. Prevention of pathological conversion of starch to glucose, and inhibition of β-galactocidase, α-glucocidase and alpha-amylase with concomitant capacity to lower cortisol has also been reported [51-52]. Antioxidant activity of antidiabetic plant against oxidative stress which is involved in pancreatic ß-cell dysfunction has been reported as one of the mechanisms of action of anti‐ diabetic plants [53]. Similarly, some plant families reported for antidiabetic activity are shown below (Table 2).
