**15. Conclusion**

**Drug Trade name Type of**

222 Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery

Hyoscine Trasiderm-Scop Matrix Novartis

Estradiol Climara Drug in adhesive

Ethinyl Estradiol Ortho Evra Drug in adhesive

turmeric *poultic*e or *lepa* [158].

**Table 3.** Currently available medications for transdermal delivery [155,156].

Scopolamine Transderm Scop

**transdermal patch**

Membrane matrix hybrid type

Kimite-patch Matrix Myun Moon Pharm. Co.

Vivelle Drug in adhesive Alza/Novartis.

Esclim Drug in adhesive Johnson & Johnson

**14. Dermal and transdermal delivery of phytopharmaceuticals**

Novel drug delivery system is a novel approach to drug delivery that addresses the limitations of the traditional drug delivery systems. Phytopharmaceuticals are pharmaceuticals using traditional compounds derived from botanicals instead of chemicals. Because these natural ingredients are more easily and more readily metabolized by the body they produce fewer if any side effects and provide increased absorption in the bloodstream resulting in more thorough and effective treatments unlike pharmaceuticals produced from chemical com‐ pounds which are prone to adverse side effects [157]. The formulation of dermal and trans‐ dermal delivery of phytopharmaceuticals is gaining interest owing to the benefits accruable from it. One of the first few attempts to utilize TDDS containing phytopharmaceuticals was investigation aimed to formulate transdermal films incorporating herbal drug components such as boswellic acid (*Boswellia serrata*) and curcumin (*Curcuma longa*), which utilizes skin as a site for continuous drug administration into the systemic circulation [157]. TDDS avoids first pass metabolism of the drug without the pain associated with injection; moreover the system provides a sustained drug delivery with infrequent dosing via zero-order kinetics and the therapy can easily be terminated at any time. For the local action of the drug at the site of administration of TDDS, turmeric are used which is considered a new version of ayuverdic

Estraderm Reservoir Women First Healthcare, Inc

Minoxidil 4% Nanominox Sinere, Germany Hair growth promoter Acyclovir Supravir cream Trima, Israel herpes infection. Many ingredients Cellutight EF Hampden Health, USA Topical cellulite

Labs

**Manufacturer Indication**

3M Pharmaceuticals/ Berlex

Noven Pharma/Novartis

Alza/Novartis Motion sickness

Postmenstrual Syndrome

> From the myriad published studies involving nanoparticles, it is clear that nanoparticles have the potential to effectively deliver drugs across the skin barrier. Conventional liposomes, flexible liposomes, ethosomes, niosomes and ultradeformable liposomes, etc offer potential value as dermal and transdermal drug delivery systems in addition to other lipid nanoparticles.
