**Author details**

Haico Te Kulve

Department of Science, Technology & Policy Studies, School of Management and Gover‐ nance, University of Twente, The Netherlands

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**Chapter 16**

**Current Status and Future Scope for Nanomaterials in**

Nanotechnology is a revolutionary field of micro manufacturing involving physical and chemical changes to produce nano-sized materials. The word "nano" is a Latin word meaning "dwarf". Mathematically a nanometer is equal to one thousand millionth of a meter [1]. A nanomaterial consists of aggregated as well as unbound particles. Nanotechnology in scientific terms is defined as the science which deals with processes that occur at molecular and atomic level or at nanolength size. It involves designing, synthesis and characterization of material structure by controlling the shapes and sizes at nano scale. The conversion of a particle to nano scale size changes the properties of the material such as increase in surface area, dominance of quantum effects often associated with minute sizes, higher surface area to volume ratio etc. and varies material's magnetic, thermal and electrical property. For example, copper which is opaque at macro scale becomes transparent at nano scale. Similarly the properties of gold at nanoscale causes change in melting point from 200°C to 1068°C and colour changes from yellow to blue to violet along with the change in its catalytic property [2]. Nanoparticles are persistent in nature as well. Functional proteins may be classified as nanoparticles. Some biological system consists of nanoparticles which are devoted to locomotory function. The colours on butterfly's wings are due to light being bounced off nanoscale layers in the structure of the wings. The red and yellow colours seen at sunset are also due to nanoparticles [3]. Super paramagnetic iron oxide less than 50 μm are used for imaging of organs. They can be even

used for treating complicated brain disorder bio-imaging at nano scale size [9].

© 2014 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Biswajit Mukherjee, Niladri Shekhar Dey, Ruma Maji,

Priyanka Bhowmik, Pranab Jyoti Das and

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

**Drug Delivery**

Paramita Paul

**1. Introduction**

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/58450
