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Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsu‐ ta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan

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**Chapter 7**

**Hepatocyte Selection Medium**

Minoru Tomizawa, Fuminobu Shinozaki, Yasufumi Motoyoshi, Takao Sugiyama, Shigenori Yamamoto and Makoto Sueishi

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the potential to differentiate to hepatocytes [1]. However, the use of ES cells may pose ethical problems because they are derived from human embryos. The use of human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells that have been generated from adult somatic cells [2], on the other hand, does not create ethical controversies. HiPS cells are useful tools in drug discovery and regenerative medicine because they can differentiate into func‐ tional somatic cells [3]. If hiPS cells could be differentiated into hepatocytes, they would be useful for transplantation into patients suffering from hepatic failure [4]. Complications such as graft-versus-host disease as well as ethical issues could be avoided because patient-specific

The ES and hiPS cells that survive among the differentiated hepatocytes and are transplanted to patients may be tumorigenic [5]. Therefore, methods need to be developed to eliminate ES and iPS cells from the population of differentiated cells used for transplantation. To overcome these problems, a new medium, called "hepatocyte selection medium" (HSM), has been

First, pluripotency and tumorigenicity of ES and iPS cells will be discussed [7]. Next, current methods of eliminating pluripotent cells will be outlined [8, 9]. All the cells, including human iPS cells, require glucose and arginine to live [10, 11]. They will die without glucose or arginine. Hepatocytes have enzymes to produce glucose from galactose and arginine from ornithine. The unique features of hepatocytes compared with other cells will next be discussed. It was expected that hepatocytes would survive in a medium without glucose or arginine, and supplemented with galactose and ornithine [12] [13]. After this introduction, the formulation

> © 2014 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

somatic cells could be generated from hiPS cells isolated from the patient.

developed and will be discussed in this chapter [6].

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/58394

**1. Introduction**

