**3. Results — Table 1-6 and histopathology**

Data are mean ± S.E., n=6.ANOVA (F Values at 5% level). # P≤0.05 vs. Control,\*P ≤0.05 vs. ATD, @ Significant

**Table 1.** Therapeutic effect of *P.amarus* against ATD induced blood biochemical alterations


**Table 2.** Curative effect of *P.amarus* against ATD on selected serological parameters serum


Data are mean ± S.E., n=6.ANOVA (F Values at 5% level).# P≤0.05 vs. Control,\*P ≤0.05 vs. ATD,@ Significant

**Table 3.** *P.amarus* efficiency in reducing Anti TB drugs induced renal alterations.

**3. Results — Table 1-6 and histopathology**

286 Pharmacology and Nutritional Intervention in the Treatment of Disease

**Group IV**

**Group V**

**Group VI**

**Group VII**

**Group VIII**

**Group IV**

**Group V**

**Group VI**

**Group VII**

**Group VIII**

**Treatment AST (IU/L) ALT (IU/L) Group I** 69 ± 3.81 52 ± 2.87 **Group II** 74 ± 4.09 53.6±2.96 **Group III** 345±19.07# 188 ± 10.39#

**ANOVA F Value 141.88@ 90.172@**

**Table 1.** Therapeutic effect of *P.amarus* against ATD induced blood biochemical alterations

Data are mean ± S.E., n=6.ANOVA (F Values at 5% level). # P≤0.05 vs. Control,\*P ≤0.05 vs. ATD, @ Significant

**Treatment SALP (U/L) Albumin (g/dl) Bilirubin(mg/dl) Group I** 193.3±10.68 4.1 ± 0.23 0.19 ± 0.010 **Group II** 220±12.16 4.0 ± 0.22 0.2±0.011 **Group III** 462±25.54# 3.0±0.17# 0.8± 0.044#

**ANOVA F Value 39.135@ 3.631@ 89.61@**

**Table 2.** Curative effect of *P.amarus* against ATD on selected serological parameters serum

120.22 ± 6.65\* 81 ± 4.48\* (81.44%) (78.67%)

112.34 ± 6.21\* 71 ± 3.92\* (84.29%) (86.02%)

100.7 ± 5.57\* 63 ± 3.48\* (88.51%) (91.91%)

94.4± 5.22\* 60 ± 3.32\* (90.79%) (94.11%)

83 ± 4.59\* 59 ± 3.26\* (94.92%) (94.85%)

381.3±21.08\* 3.5 ± 0.19 0.65± 0.036\* (30.03%) (45.45%) (24.59%)

305.25±16.87\* 3.6 ± 0.199 0.58 ± 0.032\* (58.33%) (54.54%) (36.06%)

257±14.21\* 3.7 ± 0.20\* 0.34± 0.018\* (76.29%) (63.63%) (75.4%)

236±13.05\* 3.8± 0.21\* 0.32 ± 0.017\* (84.10%) (72.72%) (78.68%)

216±11.94\* 4.0± 0.22\* 0.3 ± 0.016\* (91.55%) (90.9%) (81.96%)


Data are mean ± S.E., n=6.ANOVA (F Values at 5% level).# P≤0.05 vs. Control,\*P ≤0.05 vs. ATD,@ Significant

**Table 4.** Effect of *P.amarus* against AT drugs treated animals in tissue biochemical estimations.


**4. Discussion**

The liver diseases remain one of the serious health problems as variedly exposed to xenobiotics. Modern medicines have little to offer for alleviation of hepatic diseases. Although *P. amarus is* reported to possess varied medicinal properties such as antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective (Joshi and Parle, 2007), there is no previous report about the hepatoprotective activity of this plant against anti TB drugs. The present investigation reports the hepatoprotective effect of *P.amarus*. In the present study, hepatotoxicity model in

Hepatoprotective effect of *Phyllanthus amarus*

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57373

289

Effects of administration of Anti TB Drugs and *Phyllanthus amarus* orally on selected biochem‐

Significant rise above the normal upper limits in the measured serum transaminases in toxicant group on day 60 of the experiment was a biochemical indication of liver injury. Elevated levels of serum enzymes, AST and ALT are indicative of cellular leakage, and loss of functional integrity of cell membrane in liver (Ranawat *et al.,* 2010). Oral administration of *P. amarus* extract at doses (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg) showed significant recoupment in a dose

The increased level of serum alkaline phosphatase is reliable marker of liver damage, which occurs due to the *de novo* synthesis by the liver cells (Muriel and Escobar, 2003). Serum albumin concentration is affected by hepatic protein and its synthesis is a typical function of normal liver cells (Thirunavukkarasu and Skthisenkaran, 2003). Bilirubin is one of the most frequent clinical test to evaluate the extent of chemically induced hepatotoxicity (Zimmerman, 1973). Toxicants administration caused significant increase in the serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Stabilization of SALP and bilirubin levels by the treatment of *P.amarus* is clear indication of improvement in functional status of liver cells. Results suggested that *P.amarus* at a dose of 400mg/kg, b.w., have protective effect on plasma membrane of hepatocytes.

As a measure of renal function status, serum urea, uric acid and creatinine are often regarded as reliable markers (Adebisi *et al*., 2000). Serum creatinine has been used to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Thus, elevations in the serum concentrations of these markers are indicative of renal injury (Adebisi *et al*., 2000; Adewole *et al.,* 2007).The same was observed after toxicant administration. It may be due to dysfunctional and dystrophic changes in the liver and kidney. Experiment has shown that *P.amarus* at different doses, showed significant protective but the highest protection was obsereved at 300 and 400 mg/kg with mere difference indicating normal

Various biochemical parameters were measured in liver and kidney tissues. The levels of TBARS in liver and kidney tissues of ATD intoxicated rats were significantly elevated when compared to the level of TBARS in control animals. The increased lipid peroxidation results in changes in cellular metabolism of the hepatic and extra hepatic tissues, which ultimately leads to the whole cell deformity and cell death (Arun and Balasubramanian, 2011). The administration of herbal drug *P. amarus* at the different therapeutic doses showed reduction

glomerular filtration rate thereby improved functional status of kidney. (Table 3)

albino rats was successfully produced by administering RIF, INH and PZA.

ical parameters in rat tissue and blood serum is presented in Table 1-6.

dependent manner (P ≤0.05) (Table1).

(Table2)

Data are mean ± S.E., n=6.ANOVA (F Values at 5% level).# P≤0.05 vs. Control,\*P ≤0.05 vs. ATD,@ Significant

**Table 5.** Effect of *P.amarus* on SOD, Catalase activity in liver and kidney against anti TB drugs.


Data are mean ± S.E., n=6.ANOVA (F Values at 5% level). # P≤0.05 vs. Control,\*P ≤0.05 vs. ATD, @ Significant.

**Table 6.** Therapeutic Effect of *P.amarus* on ATPase against ATD
