**4. Novel paradigm of the nutrition and pharmacology**

As it is ahown in Figure 2, for the effective prevention and treatment of human disease it is essential to control and correct the initial imbalances of bioelements, caused by suboptimal nutrition, ecological influence, stress etc. We can do this for relatively healthy people that to prevent their disease. If we missed the possibility of the correction of human health by bioelements in stages I-II, we need to start the treatment but also with the restoration of basic defects of metabolism (stable deficiency of bioelements).

So, there are few directions to serve and develop the "life set" of bioelements. As demonstrated in Figure 3, the mankind can use medical and pharmacological therapy for detection of individual and populational provision by bioelements (primary and secondary). This is the most expensive way, but realistic for rich countries, which needs to develop the technological

Bioelements and Bioelementology in Pharmacology and Nutrition: Fundamental and Practical Aspects

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57368

235

The second direction is more natural – improvement of nutrition on the basis of fortified foods, "high food density" products. It is appreciable for almost all countries and layers of population, if the governments and international organizations (FAO, IMF, UNIDO etc.) will support the development of food industry and support authorities to manage the social nutrition, for example. The last strategy is most natural, but needs a lot of efforts in agricultural sector of

**•** Development of personalized medicine and medical geography, epidemiology and

**•** Improving methods of laboratory and clinical diagnostics of micronutrient deficiencies

**•** Creation (reconstruction and development) of resource base for food and pharmaceut‐

**•** Creation and production of adapted means for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical correction of deficiency/surplus of micronutrients (based on physiological, regional and

**•** Creation and production of new drugs for treatment of genetic and other rare diseases

**•** Fortification (enrichment) of food with micronutrients at the production stage - focused and strictly bound to the elemental status of the population (massive involvement)

**•** Dietary supplements - an individual approach - 10% of the population, in developed

**•** Exchange of products between regions according to regional needs in micronutrient

**•** Choice among existing products the required (enriched) ones to complete rations

related to metabolic disorders of micronutrient exchange

**•** Forming assortment of food products - information policy

**•** Creation of functional beverages, artificial water mineralization

**•** Exchange of products between the regions

**•** Improving the quality of tap water

industry and science. More detailed description of the strategies is presented below.

diagnostics ("omics"), personalized healthy nutrition and treatment.

**1.** Medical and pharmaceutical strategy

ecology

and intoxications

professional needs)

countries - up to 80%

**•** Functional food

ical industry

**2.** Nutritional strategy


**Figure 3.** Approaches to solving the problem of bioelements provision for human health

So, there are few directions to serve and develop the "life set" of bioelements. As demonstrated in Figure 3, the mankind can use medical and pharmacological therapy for detection of individual and populational provision by bioelements (primary and secondary). This is the most expensive way, but realistic for rich countries, which needs to develop the technological diagnostics ("omics"), personalized healthy nutrition and treatment.

The second direction is more natural – improvement of nutrition on the basis of fortified foods, "high food density" products. It is appreciable for almost all countries and layers of population, if the governments and international organizations (FAO, IMF, UNIDO etc.) will support the development of food industry and support authorities to manage the social nutrition, for example. The last strategy is most natural, but needs a lot of efforts in agricultural sector of industry and science. More detailed description of the strategies is presented below.

	- **•** Development of personalized medicine and medical geography, epidemiology and ecology
	- **•** Improving methods of laboratory and clinical diagnostics of micronutrient deficiencies and intoxications
	- **•** Creation (reconstruction and development) of resource base for food and pharmaceut‐ ical industry
	- **•** Creation and production of adapted means for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical correction of deficiency/surplus of micronutrients (based on physiological, regional and professional needs)
	- **•** Creation and production of new drugs for treatment of genetic and other rare diseases related to metabolic disorders of micronutrient exchange

**Figure 2.** Levels of bioelement imbalances and their correction

234 Pharmacology and Nutritional Intervention in the Treatment of Disease

**Figure 3.** Approaches to solving the problem of bioelements provision for human health


**•** Social nutrition (water consumption) on the basis of physiological and professional groups of the population

**1.** Screening of the region

**•** Screening (assessment of the current state) **◦** Organizational period (1-3 months)

identification of basic dependencies

**◦** Investigations (3-6 months)

**2.** Creation of database on directions:

**•** Epidemiological information

**•** Medical information

**•** Educational lectures

Feedback

indices

**•** Updatable database on physical media

**3.** Information policy in the field of healthy living

**•** Creation of an independent "guild" of doctors

**•** Training program for students on nutriciology

**•** Declaration of human responsibility

**◦** Collection of biological material (2 months)

**◦** Preliminary report (1-2 months): organizational policy

database for public health, agriculture, social services of a region.

**•** Regional standards of the consumer basket (nutrients)

**◦** Data processing, development of recommendations (1-2 months): factor analysis,

Bioelements and Bioelementology in Pharmacology and Nutrition: Fundamental and Practical Aspects

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57368

237

In the result of the screening we get the identification of factors and control parameters, forming mineral profile of the region. Further step is analysis of obtained data and creation of

**•** Database of technologies, measures, activities, management decisions

**•** Lack of proper information policy - exit to informational diseases

**•** Organization of club structure (stimulation of involvement)

The efforts of correction of bioelement status can be insufficient if medical doctors, social workers in population do not understand the aims of such studies and do not participate actively in the prophylactic activity. So, we need organize an information campaign in the region with a support of local medical, public health and social organizations and authorities.

**•** Control of elemental status of the population - influence on medical and demographic

**•** Quality of life: formation of focus groups for continuous monitoring of the life quality

Food fortification as a long-term regional program "Development of a regional system for detection and prevention of natural and technogenic deficiencies and surpluses of macro and trace elements in the population"

Project

**•** Formation of scientific and methodological basis for monitoring of elemental status of the population and correction of deviations

Regional program for monitoring elemental status of the population


Formation of regional regulations based on governmental policy in the field of healthy nutrition

**•** Increasing the proportion of production for mass consumption, rich in vitamins and minerals, including mass varieties of bakery products, and dairy products - up to 40% of total production

Consolidated ordering of fortification ingredients for the regional food producers

**•** Formation of joint supply of fortification ingredients for the regional producers of products for social and mass feeding in accordance with results of the monitoring

Sectoral nutrition

	- **•** Agrochemical service: targeted introduction of *micro*fertilizers
	- **•** Variety zonation
	- **•** Breeding
	- **•** Specialized mixed feeds, premixes for animals, mineralized water
	- **•** Development of industry: fertilizers, animal feed, etc.

Before the realization of the presented strategies it is needed to estimate the balance of bioelements in population or individuals. Below we present an example of evaluation of bioelement (macro and trace elements) status of population.

**1.** Screening of the region

**•** Social nutrition (water consumption) on the basis of physiological and professional

Food fortification as a long-term regional program "Development of a regional system for detection and prevention of natural and technogenic deficiencies and surpluses of macro and

**•** Formation of scientific and methodological basis for monitoring of elemental status of the

Formation of regional regulations based on governmental policy in the field of healthy

**•** Increasing the proportion of production for mass consumption, rich in vitamins and minerals, including mass varieties of bakery products, and dairy products - up to 40% of

**•** Formation of joint supply of fortification ingredients for the regional producers of products

**•** Scientific and methodological support of diets for different groups of people in the region:

**•** System of targeted subsidies for fortification (enrichment of food with micronutrients)

Before the realization of the presented strategies it is needed to estimate the balance of bioelements in population or individuals. Below we present an example of evaluation of

Consolidated ordering of fortification ingredients for the regional food producers

for social and mass feeding in accordance with results of the monitoring

**•** Agrochemical service: targeted introduction of *micro*fertilizers

**•** Specialized mixed feeds, premixes for animals, mineralized water

**•** Development of industry: fertilizers, animal feed, etc.

bioelement (macro and trace elements) status of population.

groups of the population

236 Pharmacology and Nutritional Intervention in the Treatment of Disease

population and correction of deviations

Regional program for monitoring elemental status of the population

**•** Development of recommendations for correction of deviations

**•** Determination of deficiencies and surpluses of macro and trace elements

trace elements in the population"

Project

nutrition

total production

Sectoral nutrition

pupils, students, workers etc.

**3.** Agricultural strategy

**•** Variety zonation

**•** Breeding

**•** Regional standards for food products

	- **◦** Organizational period (1-3 months)
	- **◦** Collection of biological material (2 months)
	- **◦** Investigations (3-6 months)
	- **◦** Data processing, development of recommendations (1-2 months): factor analysis, identification of basic dependencies
	- **◦** Preliminary report (1-2 months): organizational policy

In the result of the screening we get the identification of factors and control parameters, forming mineral profile of the region. Further step is analysis of obtained data and creation of database for public health, agriculture, social services of a region.

	- **•** Updatable database on physical media
	- **•** Medical information
	- **•** Epidemiological information
	- **•** Database of technologies, measures, activities, management decisions
	- **•** Regional standards of the consumer basket (nutrients)

The efforts of correction of bioelement status can be insufficient if medical doctors, social workers in population do not understand the aims of such studies and do not participate actively in the prophylactic activity. So, we need organize an information campaign in the region with a support of local medical, public health and social organizations and authorities.

	- **•** Educational lectures
	- **•** Declaration of human responsibility
	- **•** Creation of an independent "guild" of doctors
	- **•** Lack of proper information policy exit to informational diseases
	- **•** Training program for students on nutriciology
	- **•** Organization of club structure (stimulation of involvement)

#### Feedback


**References**

1989.

S10.

1015-6.

[in Russian]

1987; 1(1) 1-2.

ty Press; 2002 [in Russian].

2002 [in Russian].

Vestnik OSU 2005; 2 4-8 [in Russian].

Naturwissenschaften 1971; 58(10) 465-523.

[1] Iyengar V. Elemental analysis of biological systems. Vol.1. Boca Raton: CRC Press;

Bioelements and Bioelementology in Pharmacology and Nutrition: Fundamental and Practical Aspects

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57368

239

[2] Skalny AV, Rudakov IA. Bioelementology – a new term or a new research direction?

[3] Skalny AV. Bioelementology as an interdisciplinary integrative approach in life sci‐ ence: terminology, classification, perspectives. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2011; 25S S3-

[4] Markert B. Instrumental element and multi-element analysis of plant samples –

[5] Vernadsky VI. Russian cosmism: anthology of philosophical thought. Moscow: Rolf;

[7] Galimov EM. Phenomenon of life: between equilibrium and non-linearity. Origin

[8] Marth JD. A unified vision of the building blocks of life. Nat Cell Biol. 2008; 10(9)

[9] Eigen M. Selforganization of matter and the evolution of biological macromolecules.

[11] Skalny AV, Rudakov IA. Bioelements in medicine. Moscow: Onix 21 vek: Mir; 2004

[12] Skalny AV. Development of the concept of bioelements and the prospects of bioele‐ mentology. Trace Elements in Medicine (Moscow) 2009; 10(3-4) 1-6 [in Russian].

[13] McKusick VA, Riddle FH. A new discipline, a new name, a new journal. Genomics

[14] Kaznacheev VP, Spirin EA. Cosmoplanetary phenomenon of the human: problems of

[15] Kaznacheev VP, Akulov AI, Kiselnikov AA. Survival of the population of Russia: problems of "Sphinx of the XXI century". 2nd Ed. Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk Universi‐

[16] Tambiev A, Skalny A. Electromagnetic radiation and life: bioelementological point of

a comprehensive study. Novosibirsk: Nauka; 1991 [in Russian]

view. Biophysics / ed.by A.N.Misra. Rijeka: InTech; 2012.

[10] Prigogine I. From Being To Becoming. New York: W.H.Freeman & Co Ltd; 1980.

[6] Orlov YuN. Study of the rhythmics of life. Moscow: AMNT; 2009 [in Russian].

and principles of evolution. Moscow: Librokom; 2009 [in Russian].

methods and applications. 2nd ed. Wiley, New York; 1996.

