**1. Introduction**

The development of bioelementological approach can open the new perspectives in creation of integrative diagnostics of the health status and provision by "blocks of life" of the humans and provide the real personalized nutrition and therapy of diseases at etiological niveau – imbalance of bioelements.

Despite the biological role of chemical elements has come under intensive studying in the last decades, the "lack of multidisciplinary approach has been the Achilles heel of biological trace element research" [1]. The desire to integrate the "organic" and "inorganic" approach in studying the biological role of chemical elements is observed in a number of fundamental works. Since 2003 we put forward and develop the concept of bioelements and bioelementol‐ ogy as an integrative scientific direction [2, 3]. Bioelement is the elemental functioning unit of living matter, which is a biologically active complex of chemical elements as atoms, ions and nanoparticles with organic compounds of exogenous (primary) or biogenous (secondary) origin. Bioelements include any chemical structures found in living nature, but which do not have a set of fundamental properties of living things: metabolism, variability, reproduction and heredity. The assembly of bioelements can be called "bioelementome". We propose to subdivide bioelements into simple (atoms, ions, among them structural elements C, H, N, O, P, S, Si, Ca, electrolytic K, Na, Ca, Cl, Mg, enzymatic Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Cr, Mo, Se, Sn, F, I, Ni, V, B, and water as the universal solvent), and complicated ones, consisting of the abovementioned 68 molecules (8 of them are nucleosides, which compose DNA and RNA, 20 are natural amino acids necessary for protein synthesis, at least 32 glycans, 8 types of lipids). Also, bioelements can be subdivided into primary, i.e. those which could exist before the origin of life, and secondary, i.e. those which have formed as production of living organisms.

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In principle, bioelements include any chemical structures found in living nature, but which do not have a set of fundamental properties of living things: metabolism, variability, reproduction and heredity. Primarily, these are organogens (C, H, N, O), P, S and representatives of four classes of small organic molecules which compose the cells: amino acids, nucleotides, sugars, fatty acids, – and coordination structures, aquated ions of vital macro and trace elements and water as well. Bioelements can continuously form from ionic compounds when they enter the cell. Inside the cell, biopolymers and their complexes create a complicated, coordinated and regulated system for transformation of substances. Cell is the main place of natural birth of secondary bioelements and their destruction. Biosphere is an assembly of bioelements and living organisms existing under permanent regulatory influence of physico-chemical factors of terrestrial and cosmic origin. The evolution of living organisms on Earth was accompanied by a broadening and deepening of the utilization of chemical elements and their compounds, i.e., in fact, by diversification, improvement and complication of bioelements. This process continues today in both natural and artificial environment, if allowing for the development of biotechnology, genetic engineering and pharmacy. The scientific discipline, which study bioelements, is proposed to be called bioelementology. This discipline could lay the foundation for the integration of bioorganic chemistry, bioinorganic chemistry, biophysics, molecular biology and other parts of life sciences.

vulnerable to external influence. Since the general conditions of biological evolution (the composition of biosphere), are continuously changing, a set of bioelements in a living organism can also change. This distinguishes them from chemical elements as objects of physicochemical stage, which remain identical to themselves along the course of evolution. So, bioelement is the elemental functioning unit of living matter, which is a biologically active complex of chemical elements as atoms, ions and nanoparticles with organic compounds of exogenous

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In principle, bioelements include any chemical structures found in living nature, but which do not have a set of fundamental properties of living things: metabolism, variability, reproduction and heredity. Primarily, these are organogens (C, H, N, O), P, S and representatives of four classes of small organic molecules which compose the cells: amino acids, nucleotides, sugars, fatty acids, – and coordination structures, aquated ions of vital macro and trace elements and

Bioelement is not a chemical element inside a molecular compound, but it is temporarily formed biocomplex, where the chemical element is bound by covalent (chelate) bond to the organic molecule. They should not be considered separately, because, interacting, together

If chemical element is a physicochemical unit of the matter's evolution, then bioelement – is a precursor of a biological unit, which has physicochemical nature. Fundamental differences between chemical elements and their compounds in abiogenic media and bioelements are

Bioelements can continuously form from ionic compounds when they enter the cell. Inside the cell, biopolymers and their complexes create a complicated, coordinated and regulated system for transformation of substances. Cell is the main place of natural birth of secondary bioele‐

According to modern views, the life processes cannot occur outside the cell. Therefore, the cell is considered as the smallest quantum of life, which, for managing its internal parameters and performing cell-cell interactions, use information, energy and substances, including bioele‐ ments, obtaining them from the environment. Bioelement is yet a substance. Cell (organism) is already a being. In our opinion (Figure 1), bioelements are precursors of living matter, a successful combination of which, particularly of polymer-ion reactions running autocatalyti‐

We proposed to call the assembly of bioelements "bioelementome" unlike elementome as an assembly of chemical elements and their compounds. Bioelementome is a particular continu‐ um of molecules for the maintenance of biological units of evolution, possessing the ability to

However, when considering the biological role of bioelements, we should clearly distinguish two questions. The first is a question of initial formation and participation of bioelements in the origin of life. The second is a question concerning the role of bioelements in the modern

(primary) or biogenous (secondary) origin [3].

they produce biological effect of new quality [5].

water as well.

described in Table 1.

ments and their destruction.

cally, led to the formation of cells.

control the process, and biological objects [3].
