**Abbreviations**

We have studied the importance of gene horizontal transfer and loss during the evolution of the prokaryotic communities depending on ecological conditions. The models have shown the genesis of autonomous populations with rich intrinsic cellular metabolism in pessimal conditions. However, their genome is unstable, and the metabolically complete populations lose genes if conditions improve. This evolutionary tendency may be overcome by the addition of phages to the system. Moreover, the result is of a stochastic nature. We suggest that this

The study of a trigger-type gene network (two mutually repressing operons) has shown that special characteristics of intracellular factors are able to stabilize states that are defined as being unstable during the mathematical analysis of continuous gene network models. Therefore, alongside ecological and population genetics modeling, the HEC can be used for research on the competition and evolution of gene networks in populations, as well as for the optimization of gene network parameters for certain environmental conditions. The gene network model can be described as a synthesis strategy, while the criterion of optimality and selection

shows the potential role of bacteriophages in the genesis of eukaryotes [55].

mechanisms are trophic strategies.

130 Biodiversity - The Dynamic Balance of the Planet

**Figure 13.** Graphical user interface of the HEC.

