**Acknowledgements**

*IDH1* Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+) *IDH2* Iisocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+)

152 Tumors of the Central Nervous System – Primary and Secondary

IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer

*MDM2* MDM2 oncogene, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

MYC v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog

*P14ARF* Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (encoding p14) *P19ARF* Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (encoding p19) *p15 INK4b* Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (encoding p15) *p16 INK4a* Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (encoding p16)

SMARCB1 SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B

*MDM4* Mdm4 p53 binding protein homolog

HNSCC Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma

NES Nuclear Exclusion Domain NLS Nuclear Localization Domain

NSC Neural stem cell *NF1* Neurofibromin 1

PTCH1 Patched homolog 1

*RB1* Retinoblastoma 1 siRNA small interfering RNA

SHH Sonic hedgehog TMZ Temozolomide

PNET Primitive neuroectodermal tumor *PTEN* Phosphatase and tensin homolog qRT-PCR Quantitative real-time PCR

member 1

SSCP Single strand conformation polymorphism

IHC Immunohistochemistry

LFS Li-Fraumeni syndromes LFL Li-Fraumeni-like syndromes LOH Loss of heterozygosity MRT Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor

MB Medulloblastoma MET Met proto-oncogene MS-PCR Methylation-specific PCR

miRNA MicroRNAs

Authors would like to thank PPGGBM-UFPA, IFPA and IEC for support. We also would like to thank the staffs at Francisco Mauro Salzano Laboratory (UFPA) and Laboratory of Tissue Culture and Cytogenetics (SAMAM, IEC). We are especially grateful to Dr. Cynthia Hawkins (Dept. of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada) for her important contribution.
