**Acknowledgements**

scavenger of ROS and a substrate of Krebs cyclus, so as a strategy in treatment, this might be taken into consideration in prolonged seizures [116]. Restricted KD was implied to be an alternative approach in brain cancer management also, with the purpose of changing the metabolic environment of the tumor [117], yet further studies are essential in case the glucose levels of the patients are lowered when simultaneously the ketone levels are elevated, in the

Currently, the role of microRNAs (miRNA) is emphasized in the regulation of immune responses. miR-146a, known to be induced via several proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α, was shown to be upregulating in experimental epilepsy models [118,119], thereby miRNA is suggested to be a potential target in modulating the inflammatory path‐ ways. Some inflammatory mediators have direct effects on neuronal excitability providing a decrease in seizure threshold which was demonstrated experimentally, so if the activation of inflammatory signalings might be blocked, this may also be appraised as a possible therapeutic

Distinctive medications exhibit variable therapeutic approaches for epilepsy patients. Not only improving seizure management but also preventing epilepsy in patients who have high risk should be the main target in the treatment with antiepileptogenics. Future studies are truly required with an acceptable safety profile, especially for herbal and supplemental products as there is an incompetence of relevant clinical results although they are recommended in seizure treatment. Yet, antioxidant compounds, particulary targeting mitochondria, may have

Epileptic seizures are common in patients with brain tumors. The mechanisms laying beneath the pathogenesis of tumor related epilepsy remain substantially unclear. Epileptogenicity might be generated by the tumor itself because of the intrinsic characteristics or the impaired balance between excitation and inhibition arising due to insufficient homeostasis in the peritumoral zone might be the reason where also metabolic, immunological and inflammatory alterations might be contributing. Thereby, clarifying both tumoral and peritumoral patho‐ physiology would lead in selecting the most convenient medical treatment. Recently, oxidative stress is suggested to be having a crucial role in brain tumor associated epileptic seizures as a means of mitochondrial dysfunction. Yet it should be enlightened with future studies weather treatment with antioxidant compounds would be beneficial on attenuating epileptic seizures. On the other hand, as there are no detectable inflammatory biomarkers with proven signifi‐ cance for epilepsy yet, the challenge should also be defining specific biomarkers which would be helpful in the diagnosis of antiinflammatory or immunomodulatory therapy effects. Apparently, bringing novel concepts out in the treatment strategies for brain tumor related

lack of radiation or drug toxicity.

116 Tumors of the Central Nervous System – Primary and Secondary

approach for epilepsy patients.

**8. Conclusion**

beneficial effects on long term consequences of epilepsy.

epilepsy should be the main target in the future.

We would like to dedicate this chapter to patients having brain tumors suffering from epilepsy seizures.
