**Meet the editor**

Dr. Abdul Qayyum Rana is a Canadian neurologist and Director of Parkinson's Clinic of Eastern Toronto and Movement disorders Centre. He completed his neurology residency at the New Jersey Neurosciences Institute, and then undertook a fellowship in Movement Disorders at the University of Ottawa, Canada. He is the editor –in-chief of the Journal of Parkinsonism and Restless Legs Syndrome and founder of World Parkinson's Program. Dr. Rana has been honoured with the Wayne Hening Award and an honorary fellowship of the Royal College of Physicians of the Edinburgh, U.K. He has published extensively in the field of Parkinson's disease and written several books, including: Differential Diagnosis of Movement Disorders in Clinical Practice, Natural Therapies for Parkinson's disease, Neuro-radiology in Clinical Practice, 50 Ways Parkinson's Could Affect You, An introduction to Essential Tremor, 99 Faces of Parkinson's disease, Neurological Emergencies in Clinical Practice and An Aid to Neuro-ophthalmology.

Contents

**Preface VII**

Dorszewska

Iwanami and Koichi Hirata

Chapter 3 **Melatonin in Parkinson's Disease 71**

Peter Podgorny and Cory Toth

Florán Garduño

Chapter 1 **Mutations of PARK Genes and Alpha-Synuclein and Parkin Concentrations in Parkinson's Disease 1**

Chapter 2 **Sleep Disturbances in Patients with Parkinson's Disease 39**

Anna Oczkowska, Margarita Lianeri, Wojciech Kozubski and Jolanta

Keisuke Suzuki, Tomoyuki Miyamoto, Masayuki Miyamoto, Ayaka Numao, Hideki Sakuta, Hiroaki Fujita, Yuji Watanabe, Masaoki

Alessia Carocci, Maria Stefania Sinicropi, Alessia Catalano,

Chapter 5 **Pathophysiology of L-Dopa Induced Dyskinesia — Changes in D1/D3 Receptors and Their Signaling Pathway 119** Sacnité Albarran Bravo, Claudia Rangel-Barajas and Benjamín

Chapter 6 **Long-Term Multimodal Exercise Program Improves Motor and**

Rinaldi, P.M. Formaggio, R.A. Batistela and V. Raile

**Non-Motor Parameters of People with Parkinson's Disease 147** L.T.B. Gobbi, F.A. Barbieri, R. Vitório, M.P. Pereira, C. Teixeira-Arroyo, P.C.R. Santos, L.C. Morais, P.H.S. Pelicioni, L. Simieli, D. Orcioli-Silva, J. Lahr, A.Y.Y. Hamanaka, A.C. Salles, A.P.T. Alves, C.B. Takaki, E. Lirani-Silva, F.A. Cezar, F. Stella, M.D.T.O. Ferreira, M.J.D. Caetano, N.M.

Graziantonio Lauria and Giuseppe Genchi

Chapter 4 **Parkinson's Disease and Peripheral Neuropathy 101**
