**Acknowledgements**

I am extremely grateful to Prof Rob W Briddon for editing this chapter in least possible time. We cordially acknowledge a number of cotton breeders of PCCC especially Muhammad Idrees Khan, Muhammad Afzal and Ms. Rehana Rajput for providing us useful information for writing this chapter. We are also grateful to Dr Sajjad Haider for providing us information about the NIAB-based cotton varieties. We are also grateful to the cotton breeders of Provincial Govt of Punjab (Dr Saghir Ahmed, CRS Mutlan) and Sindh (DG Agri Dr Atta Muhammad Somroo) for sharing useful data and experiences which have been included in this manuscript. Similarly, information regarding seed quality related issues was provided by Ch Abdul Ghaffar, Punjab Seed Corporation Khanewal. Information pertaining to the development of hybrid cotton in Pakistan was kindly provided by Dr. Shaukat Ali, NARC Islamabad. This work is also partly supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; under agreement No.58-6402-0-178F through two subprojects entitled "Germplasm Evaluation (ICARDA-ID-1198-5 and Gene Mapping (ICARDA-ID-1198-6)". Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this manuscript are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture". We dedicate this chapter to Dr. Mahbub Ali (Scientist Emeritus, Govt. of the Punjab), born on August 13, 1923 and did his Ph.D at Texas A & M University, USA. He has been involved in breeding cotton varieties and unraveling the genetics of various traits of cotton using conven‐ tional approaches over the last six decades.

## **Author details**

GOT Ginning Outturn

162 World Cotton Germplasm Resources

IR Insect Resistance

HVI High Volume Instrument

NARC National Agriculture Research Centre NARS National Agricultural Research System NIAB Nuclear Institute for Agriculture & Biology

PAEC Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission PARB Punjab Agricultural Research Board PARC Pakistan Agricultural Research Council PCCC Pakistan Central Cotton Committee

RAPD Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA RFLP Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism SSR Simple Sequence Repeat/Microsatellite TILLING Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genome

PGR Plant Genetic Resources

**Acknowledgements**

ITPGRA The international Treaty on Plant Genetic resources for food and Agriculture

I am extremely grateful to Prof Rob W Briddon for editing this chapter in least possible time. We cordially acknowledge a number of cotton breeders of PCCC especially Muhammad Idrees Khan, Muhammad Afzal and Ms. Rehana Rajput for providing us useful information for writing this chapter. We are also grateful to Dr Sajjad Haider for providing us information about the NIAB-based cotton varieties. We are also grateful to the cotton breeders of Provincial Govt of Punjab (Dr Saghir Ahmed, CRS Mutlan) and Sindh (DG Agri Dr Atta Muhammad Somroo) for sharing useful data and experiences which have been included in this manuscript. Similarly, information regarding seed quality related issues was provided by Ch Abdul Ghaffar, Punjab Seed Corporation Khanewal. Information pertaining to the development of hybrid cotton in Pakistan was kindly provided by Dr. Shaukat Ali, NARC Islamabad. This work is also partly supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; under agreement No.58-6402-0-178F through two subprojects entitled "Germplasm Evaluation (ICARDA-ID-1198-5 and Gene Mapping (ICARDA-ID-1198-6)". Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this manuscript are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture". We dedicate this chapter to Dr. Mahbub Ali (Scientist Emeritus, Govt. of the Punjab), born on August 13, 1923 and did his Ph.D at Texas A & M University, USA. He has been involved in

NIBGE Nuclear Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic engineering

Mehboob ur-Rahman1 , Zainab Rahmat1 , Abid Mahmood2 , Khalid Abdullah3 and Yusuf Zafar4

1 Plant Genomics & Molecular Breeding (PGMB) Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road Faisalabad, Pakistan

2 Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad, Pakistan

3 Textile Industry Division, and Pakistan Central Cotton Committee (PCCC), Islamabad, Pakistan

4 Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the IAEA, Vienna, Austria

#### **References**


[9] Wendel JF, Olson PD, Stewart JMcD. Genetic diversity, introgression and independ‐ ent domestication of old world cultivated cottons. The American Journal of Botany 1989; 76 1795–1806.

[22] Afzal M. Growth and development of cotton plant and its improvement in the Pun‐

Cotton Germplasm of Pakistan http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/58620 165

[23] Ali M. Cotton varieties in Pakistan. Cotton Research and development Memoranda

[24] Ahmad N, Akram M. An estimate of water consumption by sugarcane, cotton and wheat crops under high water-able condition and its effect on their yield. Engineer‐ ing News, West Pakistan Eng. Congress, Lahore 1966; 6(3 & 4) Sep.-Dec, 1986, p

[25] Ansari MAA. Maintenance of purity in improved cottons. Pakistan Cotton Bulletin

[26] Memon AM, Bloach MA. Cotton Breeding achievements in Hyderabad Region. West

[27] Punjab Agricultural Research Board. PARB. http://parb.punjab.gov.pk/ (Accessed 9

[28] ICARDA.http://www.icarda.org/blog/%5Bnode%3ABlog%20type%5Dpakistan-us-

[29] Anwar R. International Technical Conference on Plant Genetic Resources, Leipzig, Germany, 17-23 June 1996. Pakistan: country report to the FAO international techni‐

[30] Hussain A, Ibrahim M, Naz AM. Cotton varieties of Pakistan. Ministry of Food, Agri‐

[31] Rahman M, Hussain D, Zafar Y. Estimation of genetic divergence among elite cotton (*Gossypium hirsutum* L.) cultivars/genotypes by DNA fingerprinting technology. Crop

[32] Khan and Din MS. Cotton varieties. Kapas Bureau of Agri. Inf, West Pakistan, Lahore

[33] Waddle WM. Accelerated cotton improvement reports West Pakistan. Report No.4. Cotton. Recommendations for cotton improvement programme in West Pakistan. Planning Cell Agriculture Department, Government of West Pakistan, Lahore, Octo‐

[34] Rahman M, Zafar Y. Registration of NIBGE-115 Cotton. Journal of Plant Registra‐

[35] Rahman M, Zafar Y. Registration of NN-3 Cotton. Journal of Plant Registrations

[36] Ahmad S, Mahmood K, Hanif M, Nazeer W, Malik W, Qayyum A, Hanif K, Mah‐ mood A, Islam N. Introgression of cotton leaf curl virus-resistant genes from Asiatic

Pakistan, (Government Information Deptt., West Pakistan) 1959; 2(8).

cotton-productivity-enhancement-program. (Accessed 16 April 2014)

culture & Livestock, Govt. of Pakistan, Islamabad May 2004; 1-166.

cal conference on plant genetic resources. Leipzig 1996.

jab. Govt. printing Press, Lahore 1947.

32-53.

1952; I.

April 2014)

1964; 109.

ber 30, 1966.

tions 2007; 1 51-52.

2012; 6 (3) 342-347.

Sciences 2002; 42 2137–2144.

till 60's. Pakistan Academy of Sciences; 2007.


[22] Afzal M. Growth and development of cotton plant and its improvement in the Pun‐ jab. Govt. printing Press, Lahore 1947.

[9] Wendel JF, Olson PD, Stewart JMcD. Genetic diversity, introgression and independ‐ ent domestication of old world cultivated cottons. The American Journal of Botany

[10] Khan SA, Hussain D, Askari E, Stewart JMcD, Malik KA, Zafar Y. Molecular phylog‐ eny of *Gossypium* species by DNA fingerprinting.Theoretical and Applied Genetics

[11] Rana MK, Bhat KV. A comparison of AFLP and RAPD markers for genetic diversity and cultivar identification in cotton. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology

[12] Tabbasam N, Zafar Y, Rahman M. Pros and cons of using genomic SSRs and EST-SSRs for resolving phylogeny of the genus *Gossypium*. Plant Systematics and Evolu‐

[13] Rahman M, Shaheen T, Tabbasam N, Iqbal MA, Ashraf M, Zafar Y, Paterson AH. Ge‐ netic resources in cotton and their improvement. Agronomy for Sustainable Devel‐

[14] Hutchinson JB. New evidence on the origin of the old world cotton. Heridity1954; 8

[15] Silow RA. The genetics of species development in Old World cottons. Journal of Ge‐

[16] Brubaker CL, Bourland FM, Wendel JF. The origin and domestication of cotton. In: CW. Smith and JT. Cothren. (Ed.) Cotton origin, history, technology and production.

[17] Stewart JM. Potential for crop improvement with exotic germplasm and genetic engi‐ neering. Challenging the future: Conference-1 proceedings, 1994, Brisbane Australia,

[18] Mehetre SS, Aher AR, Gawande V, Patil VR, Mokate AS. Induced polyploidy in *Gos‐ sypium*: a tool to overcome interspecific incompatibility of cultivated tetraploid and

[19] Chandra M, Sreenivasan S. Studies on improved *Gossypium arboreum* cotton: Part I— Fibre quality parameters. Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research 2011; 36 24-34.

[20] Rahman M, Tabassum N, Ullah I, Asif M, Zafar Y. Studying the extent of genetic di‐ versity among *Gossypium arboreum* L. genotypes/cultivars using DNA fingerprinting.

[21] Shaheen T, Zafar Y, Rahman M. Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the conserved ESTs regions of *Gossypium arboreum*. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology

GA Constable and NW Forrester (ed.) CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia, 1994.

diploid cottons. Current Science 2003; 84(12) 1510–1512.

Genetic *Resources* and *Crop* Evolution 2008; 55 331–339.

2010; 13(5) doi: 10.2225/vol13-issue5-fulltext-3.

1989; 76 1795–1806.

164 World Cotton Germplasm Resources

2000; 101 931–938.

2004; 13 19–24.

225–241.

opment 2012; 32 419–432.

netics 1944; 46 62–77.

John Wiley, New York; 1999. p 3–31.

tion 2013; DOI 10.1007/s00606-013-0891-x.


cotton (*Gossypium arboretum* L.) into upland cotton (*G. hirsutum* L.). Genetics and Mo‐ lecular Research 2011; 10 (4) 2404-2414.

**Chapter 7**

**The U.S. National Cotton Germplasm Collection – Its**

The early history of the cotton industry in the U.S. was, for the most part, a story of importation and adaptation of cottons from Mexico, Guatemala, and the tropics of the Western Hemi‐ sphere. By the 19th century there were two distinctive types of upland cotton, with distinctive origins, being grown in the U.S. One type, known as green-seeded cotton, was from southern Mexico. The other dominant type of upland, white-seeded cotton, had its origins in the central plateau of Mexico [1,2]. Although these cottons were grown extensively, no coordinated efforts were made to maintain the original stocks or their progeny. Modern, systematic collection and preservation of cotton in the U.S. only began in response to the outbreak of the boll weevil in the 1880's [3]. Three collection trips between 1902 and 1906 were responsible for the introduc‐ tion of two cottons, Acala and Kekchi, which would contribute significantly to the develop‐ ment of modern U.S. cultivars [4]. From these initial collecting trips and ensuing trips, federal, university and state experiment stations began to assemble the germplasm collections. Also from these efforts there sprang collaborative efforts that were formalized into U.S. regional projects involving scientists and members from all aspects of the U.S. cotton industry. The first Regional Research Project was S-1 in 1950 (succeeded by many) and it established a priority of acquiring and studying diverse germplasm for cotton improvement [5-7]. Increased organization and centralization of germplasm activities was necessary to manage and increase

> © 2014 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Contents, Preservation, Characterization, and**

Richard G. Percy, James E. Frelichowski,

David D. Fang, Lori L. Hinze, Dorrie Main,

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Mark D. Arnold, Todd B. Campbell, Jane K. Dever,

Jodi Scheffler, Monica A. Sheehan, Mauricio Ulloa,

**Evaluation**

Jing Yu and John Yu

**1. Introduction**

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/58386

