**Author details**

N. Manikanda Boopathi\* , S. Sathish, P. Dachinamoorthy, P. Kavitha and R. Ravikesavan

\*Address all correspondence to: nmboopathi@tnau.ac.in

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

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**Chapter 6**

**Cotton Germplasm of Pakistan**

Mehboob ur-Rahman, Zainab Rahmat,

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/58620

**1. Introduction**

continent.

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Abid Mahmood, Khalid Abdullah and Yusuf Zafar

The economy of Pakistan relies heavily on cotton, which contributes ~60% of total foreign exchange earnings (US\$ 15 billion in 2012/13). Cotton is grown on about three million hectares annually with average lint production of 670 kg ha-1. Historically the cultivation of cotton can be traced back to 6000 BC with *Gossypium arboreum* L. identified in the ancient remains of Monjadharo (Sindh) [1]. The indigenous cultivated cotton is locally known as Desi cotton, which carries the A-genome [2-3]. Following the industrial revolution in the textile sector, the tetraploid *Gossypium hirsutum* L. gradually replaced *G. arboreum* L., because it generally produces a higher quality lint and has a higher seed cotton yield (SCY) in the Indo-Pak region. These American types originated from New Orleans and Georgia were first introduced in 1818 [4]. This material was primarily a mixture and did not attract the interest of farmers in its initial years of cultivation because of high susceptibility to sucking insects, particularly jassids (*Amarasca devastans* Dist.). Organized selection procedures were adopted to select genotypes suited to the local conditions that laid a concrete foundation for breeding material on the sub-

The four cultivated cotton species can be easily identified based on variations in plant growth habit, leaf shape, boll, flower, seed and fiber features [2-3, 5]. Substantial differences between *G. herbaceum* L. and *G. arboreum* L. have been found based on genetic, cytogenetic, isozyme and genomic data. The two species are easily crossable to produce F1 hybrids that are fertile and vigorous with high pollen fertility (60%). However, in common with other crops species, genetic incompatibility depresses seed viability and affects plant morphology in segregating generations. Consequently resulting plants resemble one of the parents. One reciprocal chromosomal translocation differentiates the two species [6-8]. Recently eight and 13 unique polymorphic loci of *G. arboreum* L. and *G. herbaceum* L., respectively, have been reported [9].

> © 2014 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
