**Author details**

Warwick N. Stiller1\* and Iain W. Wilson2


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Access to a broad germplasm pool and the ability to import material from other breeding programs combined with rigorous selection regimes for yield and quality under the unique Australian climate has meant that the CSIRO cotton breeding program has maintained yield progress while many other programs are plateauing in yield. Australian cultivars have had considerable success in the US, particularly Texas where there are some similarities in climatic

New DNA sequencing technologies will accelerate the identification of genes involved in important agronomic traits, and via marker assisted seed selection, new and novel traits will be introgressed into elite cultivars that should further improve Australian cotton yield and

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**Chapter 2**

**Cotton Germplasm Resources in China**

Yinghua Jia, Junling Sun and Xiongming Du

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

**1.1. History of cotton germplasm research in China**

China is one of the oldest countries that was found to have a long history of growing cotton. The remotest record was searched in one of the Chinese historic literature book *Shang Shu.Yu Gong* (about 300 BC), which described that cotton named *Jibei* was used to weave colorful cloth by the native people in the island of South China [1-2,4]. The primary species of cotton were two diploids including *G. arboreum* L. in South China and *G. herbaceum* L. in West China, but *G. arboreum* L. was only kept growing in the south of the Five Ridges area, Hainan Island and Yunan until Huang Daopo (about 1245—1330AD) improved the technology of waving cotton fiber and brought it to Songjiang in Shanghai from Yazhou in Hainan. Then, *G. arboreum* L. was widely cultivated in the mid and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and was spread to North China in Ming Dynasty. *G. herbaceum* L. was firstly found to be planted in Xinjiang, but it was not popularized across the country, and was only cultivated in Xinjiang and Gansu Provinces in the past years. *G. hirsutum* L. was firstly imported to China by Zhang Zhidong in 1892-1893 and was cultivated in Hubei. *G. barbadense* L. was imported to China earlier than *G. hirsutum* L. and was mainly in Yunan province as perennial cultivars [3-5]. Now China is the largest producer and consumer of cotton in the world. According to the World Bank, from 2005-2007, China produced 28.4 to 37 million bales of cotton and consumed 45 to 51.5 million bales in the country's domestic textile mill industry. On average, cotton was produced on ~5.6 million ha in China within three predominant growing areas including Xinjiang area, the Yellow River area, and the Yangtze River area. Similar to India, China's adoption of Bt-hybrids

and cultivars have resulted in marked yield increases in recent years [6-7].

The Chinese cotton germplasm collection located at the Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Anyang. A medium-term working collection located at Anyang, and a long-term collection located at Beijing, which was established in 1958. An *in*

> © 2014 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/58595

**1. Introduction**

