**Author details**

Richard G. Percy1\*, James E. Frelichowski1 , Mark D. Arnold2 , Todd B. Campbell3 , Jane K. Dever2 , David D. Fang4 , Lori L. Hinze1 , Dorrie Main5 , Jodi Scheffler6 , Monica A. Sheehan2 , Mauricio Ulloa7 , Jing Yu5 and John Yu1

\*Address all correspondence to: Richard.Percy@ars.usda.gov

1 USDA-ARS, College Station, TX, USA

2 Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M Agrilife Research& Extension Center, Lub‐ bock, TX, USA

3 USDA-ARS, Florence, SC, USA

4 USDA-ARS, New Orleans, LA, USA


7 USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX, USA

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5 Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, WA, USA


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**Chapter 8**

**The Diploid D Genome Cottons (***Gossypium* **spp.) of the**

The genetic diversity of cotton (*Gossypium* spp.) is exclusively wide with diverse geographic and ecological niches [1]. The *Gossypium* genus belongs to the *Malvaceae* family. This genus contains more than 45 diploid species and five well-documented allotetraploid species [2-4]. Species of this genus are grouped into nine genomic types (*x=n*=13, *2n*=26 diploid, and 4x=52 tetraploid) with the following designations: AD, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and K [3]. Genomic designations are based on the similarities in chromosome size and structure, and the success of interspecific crosses. Based on their chromosomal uniformity, the diploid D genome species of the New World include 26 somatic chromosomes. Some hybrids within genomes are fertile and their chromosomes recombine during meiosis. However, hybrids across genomes are generally infertile and they have a few stable bivalents at meiosis as a result progeny-plant survival from interspecific crosses is sometime low [4]. The allotetraploid cottons [Upland, *G. hirsutum* (AD1) and *G. barbadense* (AD2)] of the New World dominate world natural-fiber production. And they can be described as large shrubs to trees [3,5]. An allotetraploid is a species that derived from the combination of two different genomes or doubling of genomes that are different. The At subgenome is probably best represented by a composite of two diploid genomes ([*G. herbaceum* L. (A1) and *G. arboreum* L. (A2)] from the Old World. These Asiatic species-progenitor cottons primarily produce fibers for non-industrial-textile con‐ sumption in India and Asia [4]. The Dt subgenome has a more complex genome (D) of the diploid species-progenitors from the New World. The D genome is comprised of formally reported 13 species [3,7-9] and several undescribed taxa e.g. US-72 [8-11]. Eleven of the 13 species of the New World reside in the country of Mexico (Fig. 1). Taxonomically, these species are recognized as the *Houzingenia* subgenus [5,7]. None of these D genome diploid species produce commercial fibers. These species of the D genome are not well known to public and

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**New World**

Mauricio Ulloa

**1. Introduction**

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/58387

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter
