Preface

Intracerebral hemorrhage is an important clinical entity encountered in practice. Common causes of intracerebral hemorrhage include hypertension, amyloid angiopathy, trauma, coa‐ gulopathy, arteriovenous malformation and underlying tumor. Advances in imaging techni‐ ques have helped in better understanding of pathogenesis and the mechanisms of recovery of intracerebral hemorrhage, thereby resulting in marked improvement in its management. I hope that this book on intracerebral hemorrhage will be a useful learning tool for students and clinicians in the field of neuroscience.

We couldn't have produced this book within a year without the stellar author team. I am deeply indebted to all the authors. Their contributions and hard work made this a worth‐ while and proud endeavour.

Special thanks goes to Ms. Iva Lipović, publishing process manager for this project, for her tireless and unwavering support of the project.

We are greatly indebted to the production staff of InTech Publisher for their patience, valua‐ ble guidance and extreme professionalism.

I would also like to thank my family, friends and colleagues for the understanding and en‐ couragement throughout the project.

#### **Dr. Vikas Chaudhary [MBBS, MD (Radiodiagnosis)],**

Specialist and Head, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Model Hospital, Sector-9A, Gurgaon-122001, Haryana, India

**Chapter 1**

**Intracranial Hemorrhage in the Newborn**

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a major source of neonatal morbidity and mortality. In fullterm infants, it most often occurs during labor as the result of mechanical factors; however, in the pre-term infants it can occur even prior to labor or as late as the second week of life usually as a result of hemodynamic instability. Besides etiology, the location of hemorrhage, clinical presentation and neurological outcome also differs in the term and preterm infants. It is important for the radiologists to provide an accurate anatomic description of the compart‐ ment(s) confining the hemorrhage, as correct location may be an indicator to the underlying cause and provide a roadmap to the neurosurgeons if intervention is required. The knowledge of the anatomic compartments is vital for interpreting the imaging findings in case of ICH and formulating a differential diagnosis. Cranial ultrasound is often used as the first imaging modality for newborns. CT is the preferred diagnostic study for evaluation of acute intracranial hemorrhage. MRI is indicated when subarachnoid bleed or posterior fossa hemorrhage is suspected. Prevention of ICH is a subject of great interest in premature newborns. Prenatal prophylaxis and improved obstetric and neonatal care in general markedly reduces the stress

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is perhaps the most dramatic manifestation inherited in the birth process. The etiology of ICH differs according to the gestational age of the infant and the

> © 2014 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Umesh Chandra Garga, Sachchidanand Yadav and

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Shahina Bano, Vikas Chaudhary,

Sachin Kumar Singh

**1. Introduction**

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/58476

to premature fetus and neonate.

**2. Etiopathogenesis**

site of hemorrhage.
