**Author details**

Shahina Bano1\*, Vikas Chaudhary2 , Umesh Chandra Garga1 , Sachchidanand Yadav1 and Sachin Kumar Singh3

\*Address all correspondence to: dr\_shahinaindia@yahoo.com

1 Department of Radiodiagnosis, PGIMER and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia (RML) Hospital, India

2 Department of Radiodiagnosis, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Model Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India

3 Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jawahar Lal Nehru (JLN) Medical College, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India

#### **References**


[7] Sandberg DI, Lamberti-Pasculli M, Drake JM, Humphreys RP, Rutka JT. Spontane‐ ous intraparenchymal hemorrhage in full-term neonates. Neurosurgery 2001;48:1042-8.

is often present at more than one site. MRI can be used to time the onset of lesions. Hemorrhage may be primary or secondary and occur within an arterial or venous infarct. Neurodevelop‐ mental outcome varies with the site of hemorrhage and the underlying cause. In the majority of term newborns with ICH, medical therapy is the primary mode of treatment; rarely, surgical

, Umesh Chandra Garga1

1 Department of Radiodiagnosis, PGIMER and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia (RML) Hospital, India

2 Department of Radiodiagnosis, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Model

3 Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jawahar Lal Nehru (JLN) Medical College, Bhagalpur, Bihar,

[1] Volpe JJ. Intracranial hemorrhage: neurology of the newborn. 5th edition. Philadel‐

[2] Pape KE, Wigglesworth JS. Hemorrhage, ischemia and the perinatal brain. Philadel‐

[3] Haim Bassan. Intracranial hemorrhage in the preterm infant: understanding it, pre‐

[4] Du Plessis AJ. Cerebrovascular injury in premature infants: current understanding

[5] Looney CB, Smith JK, Merck LH, et al. Intracranial hemorrhage in asymptomatic ne‐ onates: prevalence on MR images and relationship to obstetric and neonatal risk fac‐

[6] Fenichel GM, Webster DL, Wong WK. Intracranial hemorrhage in the term newborn.

and challenges for future prevention. Clin Perinatol 2008;35:609-41.

, Sachchidanand Yadav1

and

intervention may be needed in selected cases.

\*Address all correspondence to: dr\_shahinaindia@yahoo.com

phia: W.B. Saunders Co.; 2008. P. 481-588.

venting it. Clin Perinatol 2009;36:737-62.

tors. Radiology 2007;242:535-41.

Arch Neurol 1984;41:30-4.

phia: J.B. Lippincott;1979.

Shahina Bano1\*, Vikas Chaudhary2

Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India

**Author details**

8 Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Sachin Kumar Singh3

India

**References**


[21] Bassan H, Benson CB, Limperopoulos C, et al. Ultrasonographic features and severi‐ ty scoring of periventricular hemorrhagic infarction in relation to risk factors and outcome. Pediatrics 2006;117:2111-8.

**Chapter 2**

**Gender Differences in Incidence, Pathophysiology, and**

While ongoing clinical trials are directly assessing ethnic/racial differences in incidence and outcome of ICH, it is clear that individuals of certain ethnic groups (Asian, African American, etc.) more commonly experience ICH [1,2]. However, few published studies comprehensively assess the role of gender differences in incidence, clinical presentation, etiology, or outcome after ICH. This knowledge is important for understanding putative pathophysiological mechanisms, improving research models, and developing effective treatment options for

While epidemiological observations on gender differences in the incidence of ischemic stroke are abundant [3], relatively few have been published assessing gender differences in incidence of ICH [4,5]. Over the course of the last several years, the incidence of primary ICH in the developed world seems to be same or decreasing [4,5]. Presumably this is attributed to better public awareness of preventive measures, such as control of hypertension, regular physical activity, and healthy lifestyle. This observation is supported by population-based studies by Islam et al. [6] in Perth, Australia as well by Lovelock et al. [5] in Oxfordshire, UK. On the other hand, the incidence of ICH was reported to be nearly the same in studies done in France and Finland [7,8]. In a systematic meta-analysis involving 36 studies over last 2 decades, Charlotte

> © 2014 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

et al. [4], found no significant difference in incidence of ICH over time.

**Outcome of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage**

Michael James and Sankalp Gokhale

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/58469

**1. Introduction**

patients with ICH.

**2. Incidence**

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

