**1. Introduction**

[40] Shikida M, Yokota T, Naito J, Sato K. Fabrication of a stent‐type thermal flow sensor for measuring nasal respiration. Journal of Micromechnics and Microengineering

Micro-Nano Mechatronics — New Trends in Material, Measurement, Control, Manufacturing and Their Applications in

2010;20(5) 055029.

Biomedical Engineering

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A model organism is one of the species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms [1]. In particular, model organisms are widely used to explore potential causes and treatments for human disease when human experimentation would be unfeasible or unethical [2]. It shows some of the model organisms that have been used in a biomedical research.

The first and foremost consideration in the selection of any model organisms before conducting any bio‐related research is how relevance the selected model organisms to human. If the first consideration is justified, then the second consideration which needs to be addressed is how practical and easy the selected model organisms for experimental endeavors.

Yeast is one of the simplest eukaryotic organisms (organism whose cells contain a clear defining membrane‐bound structure of nucleus) but many essential cellular processes are conserved between yeast and humans. There are genes in yeast and mammals that encode very similar proteins [3]. Comparison of the yeast and human genomes, reported in 1997, revealed that 30% of known genes involved in human disease have yeast orthologs (i.e. functional homologs)[4]. Furthermore, hundreds of yeast genes exhibit a link to humandisease genes as reported by [5].

Yeast is a good experimental tool for molecular and cellular biology studies. Yeast growth and division can be controlled efficiently and effectively by adjusting environmental conditions. Furthermore, yeast cells divide in a similar manner to human cells.

Because of these advantageous features, yeast has become the model organism of choice for medicine‐related research. For example, studies with yeast have contributed greatly to our knowledge of the regulation of eukaryotic cell division, including the cancer‐related distur‐

bances [6]. Up to now, yeast has maintained its role as a useful model system in fundamental studies of disease processes.
