**1. Introduction**

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Biomedical Engineering

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The terms *tissue engineering* and *regenerative medicine* originally described the concepts for producing tissue *in vitro* and *in vivo*, respectively. However, the goal of both approaches is to promote healing and tissue regeneration and function more predictably, more quickly, and less invasively than allowed by previous techniques. Regardless of these concepts, successful outcomes depend on the strategic employment of elements for tissue regeneration and may lead to the development of alternative techniques to whole organ and tissue transplantation for diseased, failed, or malfunctioning organs. Our research projects, including those intro‐ duced in chapter 8, range over autologous stem cells, intelligent scaffolds, and various cell signaling pathways with regard to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, from basic principles to clinical applications. This chapter presents a landscape of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for bone regeneration.
