**4. Conclusion and future perspective**

The research projects presented in this chapter and chapter 8 cover autologous stem cells, intelligent scaffolds, and various cell signaling pathways with regard to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, from basic principles to clinical applications. Future research should further clarify the importance of functions and mutual relationships of this triad on various levels. In addition to the elements of this triad, efficient tissue regeneration and maintenance of the regenerated tissue require sufficient blood supply and mechanical stress, respectively (Figure 7). These additional elements have been also approached in our ongoing research projects; all combined will produce dramatic advances in our ability to regenerate bony tissues, multilaterally improve the quality of life for all, and provide brighter future perspectives in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

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**Figure 7.** Elements required for efficient tissue regeneration and maintenance of the regenerated tissue
