**5. Conclusions and perspective**

Human health depends on immune system. Here we present the data by using murine models, which indicate that immune cells react to self‐antigens released from damaged cells by external stresses. Once microbes are cleared by immune system, invaded tissue is regenerated by tissue stem cells. Tissue recovery also occurs in single or short‐term stimuli. However, continued infection or stimuli induces permanent tissue damage. Aging is one of continued stimuli caused by ROS produced from mitochondria. Recent progress of regenerative medicine especially iPS technology will enable to regenerate failed organs by using patient own tissue cells. To construct patient specific 3 D‐structured organs by differentiated iPSCs with the help of computer program will open new personalized therapy.

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