**1. Introduction**

150 Gene Duplication

Ohno, S. (1970). *Evolution by gene duplication,* Springer-Verlag, ISBN 0-04-575015-7, New

Papp, B., Pal, C. & Hurst, L. D. (2003). Dosage sensitivity and the evolution of gene families in yeast. *Nature,* Vol.424, No.6945, (July 2003), pp. 194-7, ISSN 1476-4687 Puinean, A. M., Foster, S. P., Oliphant, L., Denholm, I., Field, L. M., Millar, N. S.,

Taylor, J. S. & Raes, J. (2004). Duplication and divergence: the evolution of new genes and

Veitia, R. A. (2005). Gene dosage balance: deletions, duplications and dominance. *Trends in* 

Weill, M., Lutfalla, G., Mogensen, K., Chandre, F., Berthomieu, A., Berticat, C., Pasteur, N.,

Weill, M., Malcolm, C., Chandre, F., Mogensen, K., Berthomieu, A., Marquine, M. &

Zhang, J. (2003). Evolution by gene duplication: an update. *Trends in Ecology and Evolution,*

*Genetics,* Vol.21, No.1, (January 2005), pp. 33-35, ISSN 0168-9525

*PLoS Genetics,* Vol.6, No.6, (June 2010), pp. e1000999, ISSN 1553-7404 Raymond, M., Chevillon, C., Guillemaud, T., Lenormand, T. & Pasteur, N. (1998). An

(October 1998), pp. 1707-11, ISSN 0962-8436

No.1, (February 2004), pp. 1-7, ISSN 1365-2583

Vol.18, No.6, (June 2003), pp. 292-298, ISSN 0169-5347

220, ISSN 0022-2844

York, USA

4197

ISSN 1476-4687

*Lucilia cuprina*. *Journal of Molecular Evolution,* Vol.60, No.2, (February 2005), pp. 207-

Williamson, M. S. & Bass, C. (2010). Amplification of a cytochrome P450 gene is associated with resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides in the aphid *Myzus persicae*.

overview of the evolution of overproduced esterases in the mosquito *Culex pipiens*. *Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,* Vol.353, No.1376,

old ideas. *Annual Review Genetics,* Vol.38, No.1, (June 2004), pp. 615-643, ISSN 0066-

Philips, A., Fort, P. & Raymond, M. (2003). Comparative genomics: insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors. *Nature,* Vol.423, No.6936, (May 2003), pp. 136-7,

Raymond, M. (2004). The unique mutation in *ace-1* giving high insecticide resistance is easily detectable in mosquito vectors. *Insect Molecular Biology,* Vol.13, Charles Darwin is famous for his contribution to the development of evolutionary theory. Less commonly known is that Darwin was a good botanist. He wrote several books devoted to flowering plants. Being an honest scientist, he did not conceal the inability of his theory of evolution to explain the sudden appearance and rapid spread of angiosperms, calling this phenomenon an "abominable mystery". One possible solution to the puzzle that agitated Darwin may be the several successive duplications of the ancient ancestral genome at the beginning of the divergence of angiosperms that gave them the ability to rapidly accumulate changes (Cui et al., 2006). Speculation about the possible role of gene duplication in evolution began in the middle of the last century (Sturtevant, 1925; Haldane, 1932; Muller, 1936; Lewis, 1951), but only the later rapid development of molecular biology allowed the identification of numerous repeated sequences that revealed a high frequency of gene duplication in evolution. Based on this information, S. Ohno (Ohno, 1970) suggested that gene duplication was the only way new genes could emerge.
