Contents

#### **Preface XIII**

#### **Part 1 General Aspects 1**

	- **Part 2 The Esophagus 61**

X Contents

### **Part 3 The Stomach and Duodenum 97**

Chapter 9 **Clarithromycin Resistance and**  *23S rRNA* **Mutations in** *Helicobacter pylori* **99** Mohammad Kargar, Maryam Baghernejad, Abbas Doosti and Sadegh Ghorbani-Dalini

Contents VII

**Part 5 Gastrointestinal Bleeding 253**

**Bleeding Cause – Dieulafoy's Lesion 255** Baki Ekçi, Can Aktas, Sezgin Sarikaya, Asli Cetin Celik and Didem Ay

**Recurrent Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding 261**

Gema Vinagre-Rodriguez and Miguel Fernandez-Bermejo

Chapter 18 **Rare and Emergency Gastric** 

Chapter 19 **Pharmacological Therapy for** 

Javier Molina-Infante,


#### **Part 4 The Colon 193**


#### **Part 5 Gastrointestinal Bleeding 253**

VI Contents

**Part 3 The Stomach and Duodenum 97** 

*23S rRNA* **Mutations in** *Helicobacter pylori* **99**

Mohammad Kargar, Maryam Baghernejad, Abbas Doosti and Sadegh Ghorbani-Dalini

**Patch of the Proximal Esophagus 125**

**of Dysplastic Barrett's Oesophagus 149**

Alfredo J. A. Barbosa and Camila G. Miranda

**to Acid Using Transnasal Endoscopy 183** Manabu Ishii, Hiroaki Kusunoki, Noriaki Manabe, Tomoari Kamada, Ken-ichi Tarumi, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Motonori Sato, Yoshiyuki Yamanaka, Takahisa Murao, Hideaki Tsutsui, Akiko Shiotani, Jiro Hata and Ken Haruma

**the Prevention of Colon and Rectal Cancer 195** David Martínez Ares and Pamela Estévez Boullosa

Yoji Takeuchi, Noboru Hanaoka and Masao Hanafusa

**Colonoscope Used as a Push Enteroscope 227**

Pedro González-Carro and María Concepción Villafáñez-García

**Endoscopy for Colorectal Neoplasm 211**

**Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) 237** Marco Gasparetto and Graziella Guariso

**Histologic Diagnosis of Autoimmune Gastritis 169**

Chapter 9 **Clarithromycin Resistance and** 

Chapter 10 **Heterotopic Gastric Mucosal**

Vui Heng Chong

**Part 4 The Colon 193** 

Chapter 14 **The Role of Colonoscopy in**

Chapter 15 **Recent Advances in Diagnostic** 

Francisco Pérez-Roldán,

Chapter 16 **Efficacy of the Pediatric** 

Chapter 17 **Endoscopy in Paediatric** 

Chapter 11 **Endoscopic Detection and Eradication** 

L. Max Almond and Hugh Barr

Chapter 12 **Atrophic Body Gastritis: A Challenge for the Presumptive Endoscopic and** 

Chapter 13 **Evaluation of Duodenal Hypersensitivity** 

Chapter 18 **Rare and Emergency Gastric Bleeding Cause – Dieulafoy's Lesion 255** Baki Ekçi, Can Aktas, Sezgin Sarikaya, Asli Cetin Celik and Didem Ay

#### Chapter 19 **Pharmacological Therapy for Recurrent Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding 261** Javier Molina-Infante, Gema Vinagre-Rodriguez and Miguel Fernandez-Bermejo

Preface

improvement. .

possibilities in different parts of the world.

Endoscopy has had a major impact in developing modern gastroenterology. By using different data it provided a better understanding of pathogenic mechanisms, described new entities and changed diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Some examples such as the relationship esophagitis-Barrett, esophagus-esophageal adenocarcinoma, the description of early gastric cancer, the relationship helicobacteria-pylori-duodenal ulcer-gastric cancer and the affiliation colon adenoma-colon cancer remind us of the influence of endoscopy in gastroenterology. Moreover, endoscopy has surpassed its function as an examination tool and it became a rapid and efficient therapeutic tool of low invasiveness. We cannot imagine gastroenterology today without endoscopic hemostasis in variceal or non-variceal upper bleeding, gastric or colonic polypectomy, biliary sphincterotomy and endoscopic biliary stone removal, biliary or pancreatic

endoscopic stenting or endoscopic drainage of abdominal fluid collection.

Meanwhile, taking benefit of many technical advances, endoscopy has had a spectacular development. New video-endoscopes, endoscopes with working channel, magnification endoscopes, confocal of narrow band imaging endoscopes emerged. Sophisticated devices for endoscopic ultrasound with the possibility of fine-needle aspiration or elastography, endoscopic capsules for exploring the small intestine as well as enteroscopes with single or double balloon and spiral enteroscopy are several examples of the evolution of the endoscopy field. At the same time many diagnostic techniques (vital staining, fluorescence) or treatment techniques (e.g. banding, metallic clips, laser use, plasma-argon coagulation, stenting, mucosectomies) recognized real

The contributions in this book are diverse and very valuable. InTech Open Access Publisher selected several known names from all continents and countries with different levels of development. Multiple specific points of view, with respect to different origins of the authors were presented together with various topics regarding diagnostic or therapeutic endoscopy. As a result, the reader can take into consideration not only theoretical or practical knowledge in the field, but also the experience, point of view and local situation in a specific center of gastroenterology or in a specific country. This actually represents a valuable tool for formation and continuous medical education in endoscopy considering the performances or technical
