**7. References**


**17** 

*Italy* 

**Endoscopy in Paediatric** 

Marco Gasparetto and Graziella Guariso

*Department of Paediatrics,* 

*University of Padua,* 

*Unit of Gastroenterology, Hepatology,* 

**Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)** 

*Digestive Endoscopy and Care of the Liver Transplanted Child,* 

Endoscopic investigation has become more and more important for diagnosis, follow-up and management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) affected patients in the last decades

In fact it allows us to evaluate the grade and extension of bowel inflammation, thus the severity of disease, its prognosis, and the response to therapy as well as the possible indication to a surgical intervention [1]. An endoscopic treatment of several complications

Moreover, the advent of techniques such as capsule and both single and double-balloonassisted enteroscopy is revolutionizing small-bowel imaging and has major implications for diagnosis, classification, therapeutic decision making and outcomes in the management of

The last available Consensus document reached by a group of international experts in the fields of endoscopy and IBD at a meeting held in Brussels (organised jointly by the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation ECCO and the Organisation Mondiale d'Endoscopie Digestive OMED) dates back to 12–13th December 2008 [2]. The statements included in this document with the relative levels of evidence and grades of recommendation will be

Endoscopy is able to differentiate Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) in 89% of cases. Essentially it is nowadays the most efficacious and diffused technique to evaluate CD localisation and activity at the level of terminal ileum and colon; its accuracy for results

An immediate diagnosis with excellent accuracy is obtainable when endoscopy is associated

The endoscopic procedure for paediatric patients with IBD differs significantly from the modalities in use for adults, especially in regards of the use of sedation-analgesia, and the number and localisation of the mucosal biopsies effectuated and the regular inclusion of

In the paediatric age, assistance with anesthesia allows one to perform a complete

endoscopic examination with visualisation of terminal ileum in 90% of cases [3].

(i.e. stenosis) also represents a useful possibility being available.

are therefore significantly superior with respect to bowel enema [1].

terminal ileum intubation within a complete investigation. [4-6].

to the histological examination of biopsy samples [3].

reported as a referral along the chapter.

**1. Introduction** 

[1].

IBD [2].

