**1. Introduction**

90 Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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associated esophagitis induces endogeneous cytokine production leading to motor

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angiotensin II receptors in the stomach. Thesis University of Gothenburg 2007.

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Edebo A, Lundell L, Stolpe M. Radial distribution of dilated intracellular spaces of the esophageal squamous epithelium in patients with reflux disease exhibiting Recently, nonoperative treatment such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy has commonly been performed for submucosal carcinoma of the esophagus. Although endoscopic mucosal resection1)2) (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection3) (ESD) is usually done as curative treatment for mucosal cancer of the esophagus, the efficacy of multimodal therapy combined with EMR/ESD for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with submucosal invasion is controversial.

At our hospital, several patients who had SCC with submucosal invasion received multimodal therapy combined with EMR or ESD, and the results are reported here.
