**3. Causes of delayed gastric emptying**

duodenal motor response to acid is decreased in patients with functional dyspepsia, resulting

About a third of patients with irritable bowel syndrome or dyspepsia describe the onset of symptoms after an acute enteric infection. It is possible that mucosal inflammation may have

The discovery of *H. pylori* led to uncovering a causal relationship between *H. pylori* infection and the occurrence of duodenal and gastric ulcers [17]. The role of *H. pylori* is less clear in functional dyspepsia. Systematic reviews of the epidemiologic evidence on a relationship between *H. pylori* infection and functional dyspepsia have found no evidence for a strong

\*The alarm features are unintended weight loss, progressive dysphagia, recurrent or persistent vomiting, evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding, anemia, fever, family history of gastric cancer, new onset dyspepsia in the subjects over 40 years of age in population with high prevalence of upper gastrointestinal malignancy and over 45 and 50 years in

populations with intermediate and low prevalence, respectively. \*\*Adapted from reference [22]

**Figure 1.** Diagnostic algorithm for functional (functional) dyspepsia\*\*

in reduced clearance of exogenous duodenal acid [21].

4 Dyspepsia - Advances in Understanding and Management

a part in the creation of the visceral hypersensitivity.

**5.** Inflammation

**6.** H. Pylori infection

association [18, 19].


The various causes that are related to delayed gastric emptying are summarized here in Table 3 [23].

**Table 3.** Causes of Delayed Gastric Emptying [23].
