Contents

#### **Preface XI**


Chapter 8 **Bioremediation of Radiotoxic Elements under Natural Environmental Conditions 179** Phalazane Johanna Mtimunye and Evans M. N. Chirwa

Chapter 16 **Scientific Swift in Bioremediation: An Overview 375** Ranjith N. Kumavath and Pratap Devarapalli

Contents **VII**


Chapter 15 **Purification and Partial Characterization of a Thermostable Laccase from Pycnoporus sanguineus CS-2 with Ability to Oxidize High Redox Potential Substrates and Recalcitrant Dyes 351** Sergio M. Salcedo Martínez, Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Soto, Carlos F. Rodríguez Garza, Tania J. Villarreal Galván, Juan F. Contreras Cordero and Carlos E. Hernández Luna

#### Chapter 16 **Scientific Swift in Bioremediation: An Overview 375** Ranjith N. Kumavath and Pratap Devarapalli

Chapter 8 **Bioremediation of Radiotoxic Elements under Natural**

Chapter 9 **Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Solutions and**

Chapter 10 **Bioremediation of Waters Contaminated with Heavy Metals Using Moringa oleifera Seeds as Biosorbent 225**

Chapter 11 **Resource Recovery from Industrial Effluents Containing**

Chapter 12 **A Novel Bioremediation Method for Shallow Layers of Soil**

Chapter 13 **Persistence and Bioaccumulation of Persistent Organic**

Chapter 14 **Rhizoremediation: A Promising Rhizosphere Technology 331** Keshav Prasad Shukla, Shivesh Sharma, Nand Kumar Singh,

Vasudha Singh, Sandeep Bisht and Vivek Kumar

Chapter 15 **Purification and Partial Characterization of a Thermostable**

**Oxidize High Redox Potential Substrates and**

Cordero and Carlos E. Hernández Luna

**Laccase from Pycnoporus sanguineus CS-2 with Ability to**

Sergio M. Salcedo Martínez, Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Soto, Carlos F. Rodríguez Garza, Tania J. Villarreal Galván, Juan F. Contreras

Kulkarni, Prakash Rao and Yogesh Patil

**Polluted by Pesticides 285**

**Pollutants (POPs) 305** Tomaz Langenbach

**Recalcitrant Dyes 351**

Phalazane Johanna Mtimunye and Evans M. N. Chirwa

**Contaminated Sites by Different Natural Biomasses 207** Ismael Acosta-Rodríguez, Juan F. Cárdenas-González, María de Guadalupe Moctezuma-Zárate and Víctor M. Martínez-Juárez

Cleide S. T. Araújo, Dayene C. Carvalho, Helen C. Rezende, Ione L. S. Almeida, Luciana M. Coelho, Nívia M. M. Coelho, Thiago L. Marques

**Precious Metal Species Using Low-Cost Biomaterials — An Approach of Passive Bioremediation and Its Newer**

Nilisha Itankar, Viraja Bhat, Jayati Chourey, Ketaki Barve, Shilpa

**Environmental Conditions 179**

**VI** Contents

and Vanessa N. Alves

**Applications 255**

Naofumi Shiomi

Preface

With the advancement of science and technology, wide range of toxic and hazardous (T&H) chemicals are being synthesized and produced by man on grand scale for its use in agricultur‐ al, commercial, household and industrial systems. Consequently, these entities emanate large volume of wastes containing T&H chemicals ranging from heavy metals to hydrocarbons, pesticides, phenols, PAHs, cyanides, PCBs, etc. Most of these chemicals are recalcitrant and xenobiotic in nature. If managed inappropriately in terms of handling, storage, transport, treatment and disposal, T&H wastes can get mobilized and carried into the food web as a result of leaching from waste dumps, contaminated soils and waters. This might led to delete‐ rious irreversible, incapacitating and intangible impact on the overall human health, environ‐ ment and ecology. This has originated to challenging problems confronting the present day so called 'technological society'. Since waste is inevitable, it has to be managed in precise manner before it is discharged or recycled to safeguard the environment. Conventionally, numerous physical-chemical processes are being adopted for the treatment industrial effluents and con‐ taminated soil/land systems. Although efficient these methods are beset with several prob‐ lems like high capital investment, high operational cost, reduced efficiency of treatment in the presence of complex chemical matrix, high sludge production, handling, processing and dis‐ posal, requirement of special equipment's, need of human skills, risk to human health and highly energy intensive. Such processes are therefore always on the back foot as far its use in most of the Asian countries is concerned. Thus, there is a big technological breach, which needs to be bridged immediately. Furthermore, environmental regulations in most countries

Biological treatment technologies (bioremediation), in the recent times, are gaining immense credibility in the field of waste management. It is known that microorganisms (both prokar‐ yotes and eukaryotes) in nature have immense potential to interact, utilize, degrade and de‐ toxify range of pollutants/substances and therefore being explored by the researchers worldwide. They offer several advantages over conventional methods in terms of cost effec‐ tiveness, efficiency, low sludge production and also provides eco-compatible means of treat‐ ing industrial effluents and reclaiming land. Other than microorganisms, plants and waste biomass from different sources also play crucial role in the management of waste. Biomass of all types are known for their capability of interacting and confronting with pollutants in both active (live) and passive (dead) way; thereby offering numerous opportunities of ex‐ ploring them for environmental clean-up. Biomass, whether dead or alive, differ in their in‐ trinsic capabilities and the mechanism of pollutant removal. They can degrade and remove variety of organic pollutants from waste by utilizing it as a suitable growth substrate. Bio‐ mass interaction with inorganics (especially heavy metals) can be based on the localization site of pollutant such as extracellular, exocellular and intracellular. Biomass, especially mi‐

demand strict actions against haphazard waste disposal.
