**Author details**

**Figure 10.** Decolorization of methyl red and reactive black 5 by *Pycnoporus sanguineus* CS2 laccase. Assays were per‐ formed by incubating 25 μM Methyl Red (upper panel) and 25 μM Reactive Black 5 (middle and lower panels) with laccase (5U/ml) in 0.2 mM citrate/phosphate buffer at pH 4.0 Aliquots were withdrawn from the assay mixture at the indicated times and remaining color was determined as described in text. Lines showed the best data fittings corre‐

sponding to the exponential first-order (dashed) or polynomial second-order decay functions (continuous).

368 Applied Bioremediation - Active and Passive Approaches

Sergio M. Salcedo Martínez1,2, Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Soto1,3, Carlos F. Rodríguez Garza1 , Tania J. Villarreal Galván1 , Juan F. Contreras Cordero4 and Carlos E. Hernández Luna1\*

\*Address all correspondence to: carlosehlmx@yahoo.com

1 Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Laboratory of Enzymology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. México

2 Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Department of Botanic, Faculty of Biological Sci‐ ences, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. México

3 Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrono‐ my, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. México

4 Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. México

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**Chapter 16**

**Scientific Swift in Bioremediation: An Overview**

A pure environment gives a quality of life on earth. In ancient times, it was believed that people on earth had an unlimited abundance of land and resources; today, however, the resources in the world show a greater or lesser degree of our carelessness and negligence in using them. In many parts of globe, the problems associated with contaminated sites are now growing up. The actual cause of this scenario is result from past industrial activities when awareness of the health and environmental effects connected with the production, use, and disposal of hazard‐ ous substances were less well recognized than today. It became a global complication when the estimated number of contaminated sites became significant. There are several traditional methods which have been applied to overcome this inconvenience. From the list of ideas which have been applied the best ones are to completely demolish the pollutants if possible, or at least to transform them to innoxious substances. Bioremediation is an option that utilizes microbes to remove many contaminants from the environment by a diversity of enzymatic processes. However, it will not always be suitable as the range of contaminants on which it is effective is limited, the time scales involved are relatively long, and the residual contaminant levels achievable may not always be appropriate. we attempted to assist by providing information how the bioremediation is linked with cutting edge sciences like genomics,

Some new techniques in molecular biology particularly genetic engineering, transcriptom‐ ics, proteomics and interactomics offer remarkable promise as tools to study the mecha‐ nisms involved in regulation of mineralization pathways. The strategies need to be refined in which transcriptomics and proteomics data are combined together in order to understand the mineralization process in a meaningful way.These techniques show great promise in their ability to predict organisms' metabolism in contaminated environments and to predict the microbial assisted attenuation of contaminants to accelerate bioremediation. Bioinfor‐ matics technology has been developed to identify and analyse various components of cells

> © 2013 Kumavath and Devarapalli; licensee InTech. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Ranjith N. Kumavath and Pratap Devarapalli

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

transcriptomics, proteomics, interactomics and bioinformatics.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/56409

**1. Introduction**
