**12. Conclusion**

ing new data). It is an application intended for laboratories working in this area which need to maintain public and private data, linked internally and with external databases, and to extract new information from it. The system has an open and modular architecture adaptable to different customers. This multiplatform program, implemented in Postgre SQL (standard language for relational databases) and using SRS as an indexing system (used to connect and query Molecular Biology databases), works using a client/server architecture that allows the program to run on the user station or on the company server, so it can be accessed from any

**Figure 3.** Omic technologies using a systematic biology approach to track the insights of bioremediation. DNA is di‐ rectly extracted from contaminant environmental sites and from organisms will end up on transcriptomics (DNA mi‐ croarrays). Transcriptomics will expend towards proteomics followed by interactomics. Extraction of protein from pure culture using 2-DE and protein microarray platforms will allow us to explore the new molecules of interest during min‐

The University of Minnesota Biocatalysts/Biodegradation Database (http:// www.labmed.umn.edu/umbbd) begins its fifth year having met its initial goals. It contains approximately 100 pathways for microbial catabolic metabolism of primarily xenobiotic organic compounds, including information on approximately 650 reactions, 600 compounds and 400 enzymes, and containing approximately 250 microorganism entries. It includes

place in a secure way just by having a web browser.

eralization process.

386 Applied Bioremediation - Active and Passive Approaches

The application of omic sciences to the study of bioremediation is clearly in its infancy. There are many technical issues that will need to be addressed before some of the more novel approaches, such as environmental genome sequencing and arrays. To elucidate the function of most genes recovered from the environment, it will be necessary to recover the relevant organisms and study gene function in pure culture. Microorganisms closely related to those that predominate in some contaminated environments are already available in culture, and the careful replication of environmental conditions during isolation will probably yield more. Microorganisms that typically comprise about one-fourth of the marine microbial community, but the presence of which had only previously been detected from 16S rRNA sequences. This search for previously uncultured organisms can be greatly accelerated with high-throughput culturing and screening strategies.

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Microbiol. (in the press).

Some new techniques in molecular biology particularly genetic engineering, transcriptomics, proteomics and interactomics offer remarkable promise as tools to study the mechanisms involved in regulation of mineralization pathways. The applications of these techniques are still in their infancy, but the amount of data that is continuously being generated by today's genomics and proteomics technocrats needs to be organized in a stepwise manner within informative databases. The strategies need to be refined in which transcriptomics and proteo‐ mics data are combined together in order to understand the mineralization process in a meaningful way. These techniques show great promise in their ability to predict organisms' metabolism in contaminated environments and to predict the microbial assisted attenuation of contaminants to accelerate bioremediation. Bioinformatics technology has been developed to identify and analyse various components of cells such as gene and protein functions, interactions, metabolic and regulatory pathways. Bioinformatics analysis will facilitate and quicken the analysis of cellular process to understand the cellular mechanism to treat and control microbial cells as factories. The next decade will belong to understanding molecular mechanism and cellular manipulation using the integration of bioinformatics.

## **Author details**

Ranjith N. Kumavath\* and Pratap Devarapalli

\*Address all correspondence to: RNKumavath@gmail.com; RNKumavath@cukerala.edu.in

Department of Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kera‐ la, P.O. Central University, Kasaragod, India

## **References**


search for previously uncultured organisms can be greatly accelerated with high-throughput

Some new techniques in molecular biology particularly genetic engineering, transcriptomics, proteomics and interactomics offer remarkable promise as tools to study the mechanisms involved in regulation of mineralization pathways. The applications of these techniques are still in their infancy, but the amount of data that is continuously being generated by today's genomics and proteomics technocrats needs to be organized in a stepwise manner within informative databases. The strategies need to be refined in which transcriptomics and proteo‐ mics data are combined together in order to understand the mineralization process in a meaningful way. These techniques show great promise in their ability to predict organisms' metabolism in contaminated environments and to predict the microbial assisted attenuation of contaminants to accelerate bioremediation. Bioinformatics technology has been developed to identify and analyse various components of cells such as gene and protein functions, interactions, metabolic and regulatory pathways. Bioinformatics analysis will facilitate and quicken the analysis of cellular process to understand the cellular mechanism to treat and control microbial cells as factories. The next decade will belong to understanding molecular

mechanism and cellular manipulation using the integration of bioinformatics.

\*Address all correspondence to: RNKumavath@gmail.com; RNKumavath@cukerala.edu.in

Department of Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kera‐

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