**3. Surgical treatment options**

If a myocardial infarction has lead to a scar, no matter to what extent, reentry cicuits may be in‐ duced and lead to VT´s. Early surgical treatments were performed in cases of major scars, so called ventricular aneurysms, which were resected (2,3) and within the same procedure, deep encircling incisions of different extent should isolate the electrically instable boarder zone from the remaining ventricle (4,5). With the introduction of electrophysiological investigations, the origin of such reentry circuits along the border zone was localized and an endocardial resection of this focus performed (6,7,8,9,10,11). However recurrent Vt´s were observed frequently after these procedures, oftentimes different from the primary clinical and also electrophysiological presentation. Experimental studies could demonstrate epicardial sites as origins of these recur‐ rencies, which could of course not be reached by endocardial resections (12).
