**3. The inflammatory response**

Ischemia-reperfusion induces a vigorous inflammatory reaction including activation of the complement system; activation of the innate and adaptive immune systems; increased ROS, cytokine, chemokine and other proinflammatory metabolite production; and activation of programmed cell death. If inflammation concerns mainly ischemic organs, its effects will extend to the whole body and, particularly, the organs with a high capillary density, such as lung, brain and kidney. [1],[12],[37],[38]
