Preface

Chapter 9 **Electrodeposition of Alloys Coatings from Electrolytic Baths**

**Protection 209**

**VI** Contents

and Jarem R. Garcia

**Prepared by Recovery of Exhausted Batteries for Corrosion**

Paulo S. da Silva, Jose M. Maciel, Karen Wohnrath, Almir Spinelli

Surface engineering was founded by detecting surface features which destroy most of pieces, e.g. abrasion, corrosion, and fatigue. Then it was recognized, more than ever, that most technological advancements are constrained with surface requirements. Considered re‐ quirements for surface were: increasing the strength against friction, abrasion, and corro‐ sion, or boosting the thermal, optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. For instance, fuel yield and specific output power of thermal engines, such as gas turbines or adiabatic diesels, is limited by hot corrosion and the properties of thermal barriers of special pieces of surfa‐ ces. Similarly, in a wide range of industry (such as gas and oil exploitation, mining, and manufacturing), the surface generates an important problem in technological advancement. Using total material for improving surface properties is not economically advised. Thus, for high rate of yield it is recommended to use a sub-layer with efficient properties, and materi‐ als which are cheaper and easier to reshape. Ideally, sub-layer must be optimized for maxi‐ mizing the coating benefits and, consequently, creating the most efficient coating system.

This just elucidates an aspect of surface engineering: products improving. Probably, the key importance of surface engineering is producing new materials, which are just resulted in advanced coating. Though electronic and optical electronic rigs are sharp examples, but nowadays most of mechanic engineering blocks are included in this topic. This book collects new surface engineering treatments and also advances in this science. I like to appreciate all of contributors to this book and thank them for their high quality manuscripts. I wish open access publishing of this book help all researchers to benefit from this collection.

> **Dr. Mahmood Aliofkhazraei** Tarbiat Modares University

**Chapter 1**

**Surface Modification by Friction Based Processes**

The increasing need to modify the surface's properties of full components, or in selected areas, in order to meet with design and functional requirements, has pushed the development of surface engineering which is largely recognised as a very important field for materials and

Surface engineering includes a wide range of processes, tailoring chemical and structural properties in a thin surface layer of the substrate, by modifying the existing surface to a depth of 0.001 to 1.0 mm such as: ion implantation, sputtering to weld hardfacings and other cladding processes, producing typically 1 - 20 mm thick coatings, usually for wear and corrosion resistance and repairing damaged parts. Other deposition processes, such as laser alloying or cladding, thermal spraying, cold spraying, liquid deposition methods, anodising, chemical vapour deposition (CVD), and physical vapour deposition (PVD), are also extensively used in surface engineering. Hardening by melting and rapid solidification and surface mechanical

Friction based processes comprise two manufacturing technologies and these are: Friction Surfacing (FS) and Friction Stir Processing (FSP). The former was developed in the 40´s [2] and was abandoned, at that time, due to the increasing developments observed in competing technologies as thermal spraying, laser and plasma. Specially laser surface technology has largely developed in the following years in hardening, alloying and cladding applications and is now well established in industry. However, FS as a solid state processing technology, was brought back for thermal sensitive materials due to its possibility to transfer material from a consumable rod onto a substrate producing a coating with a good bonding and limited

The patented concept of Friction Stir Welding in the 90´s [5] opened a new field for joining metals, specially light alloys and friction stir processing emerged around this concept.

> © 2013 Miranda et al.; licensee InTech. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2013 Miranda et al.; licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

deformation allow to change the properties without modifying its composition [1].

R. M. Miranda, J. Gandra and P. Vilaça

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55986

**1. Introduction**

mechanical engineers.

dilution.

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter
