**Author details**

Lower electrodeposition currents and shorter electrodeposition duration improve the depo‐ sition of Mn in relation to Zn. The presence of the methylamine, also benefit the deposition of Mn and that the addition of methylamine to the electrodeposition baths contributes to the

The results reported by our group[28] and by the group of the Portalegre Polytechnical Institute - Portugal[29] demonstrate that it is possible to obtain galvanic coatings in a bath prepared from zinc and manganese recovered from exhausted zinc-carbon batteries. Additionally these showed that the production of a protective Zn-Mn layer over steel related to the substitution of the primary painting process on metallic parts produced in foundries is possible to be

Specifically thought in the results obtained in the experiments described it could be observed that the presence of polyethylene glycol or methylamine as additives in the electrolytic bath during electrochemical deposition favors the obtainment of a compact and homogeneous deposit containing a mixture of Zn and a Zn-Mn alloy, with a manganese content in the range of 2% to 7% in weight and the electrodeposited coatings with higher Mn content improve the anticorrosiveness of mild steel in saline environments. The proposed method may represent an alternative use for zinc and manganese recovered from exhausted alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries and thus minimize the adverse environment impacts caused by these residues. Moreover lixiviation solutions resulting from the hydrometallurgical treatment of spent domestic batteries, mainly, Zn–MnO2 batteries can be valued directly as electrodeposition

The fact that the methodology developed for recycling batteries can now produce the separa‐ tion of the elements of which these batteries are made can open new avenues of application for these recovered materials. As an example it could be produced nanostructures of Zinc Oxide by electrodeposition over different kind of surfaces that could be used as quantum dots in photovoltaic devices. Also it could be produce magnetic films from the hydrometallurgical treatment of spent Zn–MnO2 batteries by the electrochemical deposition of ferrites with different contents of Zn and Mn in the structure. However these subjects are still possibilities,

The authors are grateful for the financial assistance provided by CAPES, CNPq and Fundação

because no work involving these potentials could be found in the literature.

establishment of deposit coatings, with better anticorrosive properties.

**4. Conclusions**

226 Modern Surface Engineering Treatments

developed as practical application.

baths for zinc and zinc alloys.

**Acknowledgements**

Araucária (Brazil).

Paulo S. da Silva1 , Jose M. Maciel2 , Karen Wohnrath2 , Almir Spinelli1 and Jarem R. Garcia2\*

1 Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil

2 Chemistry Department, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
