**1.1 Types of hemodialysis access**

Successful hemodialysis treatment requires access to the bloodstream to deliver a high enough blood flow to achieve an adequate dialysis dose. There are three primary types of hemodialysis vascular access to achieve this goal: (1) arteriovenous fistula, (2) arteriovenous graft, and (3) tunneled central venous catheter. Each type of access has unique advantages and individual problems.
