**4.1.1.2 Solute transport**

Extracorporeal circuits with left–right neck intravenous cannulation were created on the animal using B. Braun blood tubing lines for hemodialysis. The clearance (K) of small molecules (urea, creatinine, phosphate) were established by sampling from the inlet and outlet segments of the extracorporeal circuit 1 h after the initiation of the treatment, and was calculated using the formula described in section 3.2. The fluid removal ratio during these measurements was maintained at (3 ml/min).

Removal of 2-microglobulin was established from the changes in plasma 2-microglobulin levels during the treatment at different time intervals (30, 60, 120, 180 and 240mins). Plasma 2-microglobulin levels were determined using a commercially produced ELISA assay (Cambridge Life Sciences, Cambridge, UK).

Electrolyte levels were determined before and after hemodialysis. K+,Na+ and Cl were determined using electrolyte analyzer (NOVA CRT-4, US), and Ca2+ was determined using an Auto Biochemistry Analyzer 7170A (Hitachi Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).
