**3.1.1.1 Protein adsorption**

The protein adsorption experiments were made with BSA and FNG solutions. The concentrations of BSA and FNG were 4.0 g/dl and 0.3 g/dl in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH=7.4), respectively. The membrane with an area (for hollow fiber, it's the total surface areas of inside surface and outer surface) of 1 cm2 was incubated in distilled water for 24 h, washed 3 times with PBS solution, and then immersed in the protein solution for 2 h. After protein adsorption, the membranes were carefully rinsed 3 times with PBS solution and then rinsed with distilled water. The adsorbed proteins were quantitatively eluted with 1.0 ml 2% SDS solution for 6 h. The amount of protein in the SDS solution was quantified by protein analysis (Micro BCA protein assay reagent kit).
