**6. List of abbreviations**

360 Progress in Hemodialysis – From Emergent Biotechnology to Clinical Practice

the long-life immunosuppression therapy and of the slightly decreased kidney function in most of them. Balal et al (2010) compared results from 103 renal transplant recipients and the sum of differences between the calculation according to Friedewaldovho and the direct method was – 6,5 % ± 6,6 % (mean ± SD). According to Tsimihodimos et al (2008) after transplantation one very important atherogenic factor disappears – the increased level of

From our metaanalysis and the study on the unreliability of LDL-C estimation we conclude that the Friedewald formula seems to be no longer a viable test for appropriate targeted therapy in chronic renal failure and hemodialysis. Direct assays of LDL-C are not absolutely without error but they provide considerably more reliable results as a calculation from three

Clinicians should be aware that despite our gradually better understanding of the pathobiochemistry, pathobiochemistry and genetic background of atherosclerosis and kidney disease laboratories are not able to provide full explanation about the situation in individual patients. According to McNamara et al (2006) "we are still only scratching the surface, and mich more research and discovery remains to fully understand these critically important particles". As is depicted in Fig. 6 the scientist are looking on the different visible parts of the problem. The situation in clinical chemistry is even more problematic because the currently available methods are showing only the footprints of the real situation, not its

Fig. 6. Scientist looking at miscellaneous aspects of the problem and a clinical chemist trying

In patients with CRI and/or ESRD, HD the pace of atherosclerosis development should be

to gain some information from the footseps.

**5.2 Conclusion** 

estimated as follows:

Lp(a).

**5. Conclusions** 

measurements.

essence.

**5.1 Where we stand today?** 

