ATDC After Top Dead Centre BDC Bottom Dead Centre BSFC Brake Specific Fuel Consumption BTDC Before Top Dead Centre CA Crank Angle (degree) COV Coefficient Of Variability E-EGR External-Exhaust Gas Recirculation EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation EOC End Of Combustion EVC Exhaust Valve Closing EVO Exhaust Valve Opening FDA Flame Development Angle IC Internal Combustion (Engine) I-EGR Internal-Exhaust Gas Recirculation IMEP Indicated Mean Effective Pressure IVC Inlet Valve Closing IVO Inlet Valve Opening MBT Maximum Brake Torque (Spark Timing) MFB Mass Fraction Burned PFI Port-Fuel Injection RBA Rapid Burning Angle SI Spark-Ignition ST Spark Timing TDC Top Dead Centre TI-VVT Twin Independent-Variable Valve Timing VVA Variable Valve Actuation VVT Variable Valve Timing – Variable Valve Phasing
