**Appendix 1**

On the basis of abundance and the results discussed in this chapter, Sclerocarya birrea bio‐

Several conclusions can be made from the experimental work discussed in this chapter.

**i.** Sclerocarya birrea biodiesel used in this study has an ester content of 82%. This is

**iii.** The heating value of birrea biodiesel was found to be 42.4 MJ/kg, thus 8MJ/kg low‐

**iv.** The performance of CI diesel engine using birrea biodiesel fuel was surprisingly

**v.** The level of HC emissions produced from combustion of birrea biodiesel was re‐

**vi.** Overall, birrea biodiesel fuel used in this study was at the least comparable to pe‐

Like any other study, this work was not without limitations. The first limitation regards the effect of weather, soil and plant variations on oil yield and properties. The study was not able to test seed oils from birrea plant specimens from several locations and growing condi‐ tions to establish the effect of these factors on oil yield and properties of derived biodiesel.

Furthermore, this study investigated birrea biodiesel processed from crude parent oil that was extracted from plants growing under natural conditions. Since oil yield under natural conditions may differ significantly from that under optimised conditions, the result estab‐ lished in this study serves to provide baseline data for determining indigenous oil plants

relative to biodiesel fuels derived from most vegetable oils.

duced by the two diesel fuels were largely comparable.

deemed to be high and can be improved by subjecting the parent oil to a two stage

international quality standards. Its viscosity profile appears to be superior to that

er than that of petroleum diesel used in this study. It is however on the high side

found to be significantly better than that using petroleum diesel in terms of fuel consumption, engine torque and break power. Specific fuel consumption, for exam‐ ple, has a maximum variation of 48% and a minimum variation of 34% between the

markably lower than that of petroleum diesel by a magnitude of approximately 59.4% at the compression ratio of 16:1. Emission levels of other exhaust gases pro‐

troleum diesel in terms of fuel properties and performance, and should be advocat‐

C meets both the ASTM-D6751 and EN 14214

diesel is recommended for production in Botswana.

206 Advances in Internal Combustion Engines and Fuel Technologies

transesterification process.

of petroleum diesel.

**ii.** The viscosity of birrea biodiesel at 400

ed for use in CI diesel engines.

that are good candidates for further exploration.

**6. Conclusions**

These include the following;

two fuels.

Chemical composition of sclerocarya birrea biodiesel at 70% match factor.



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