Chapter 8 **Low-Emission Combustion of Alternative Solid Fuel in Fluidized Bed Reactor 245**

Preface

practitioners alike.

Over the last decades, there is increasing pressure worldwide for more efficient and envi‐ ronmentally sound combustion technologies that utilise renewable fuels to be continuously developed and adopted. New fuels and combustion technologies are designed to deliver more energy-efficient systems which comply with stringent emission standards and at the same time diversify the dependence on petroleum fuels. Set against this background, the central theme of the book is two-fold: advances in internal combustion engines and ad‐ vanced fuel solutions for combustion systems. The aim here is to allow extremes of the

Internal combustion engines remain as the main propulsion system used for ground trans‐ portation, and the number of successful developments achieved in recent years is as varied as the new design concepts introduced. It is therefore timely that key advances in engine technologies are organised appropriately so that the fundamental processes, applications, insights and identification of future developments can be consolidated. Here, recent innova‐ tions in spark-ignition engines and compression-ignition engines are reviewed, along with the latest approaches in fuelling, charge preparation and operating strategies designed to further boost fuel economy and level of emissions reduction. In the future and across the developed and emerging markets of the world, the range of fuels used will significantly in‐ crease as biofuels, new fossil fuel feedstock and processing methods, as well as variations in fuel standards continue to influence all combustion technologies used now and in coming streams. This presents a challenge requiring better understanding of how the fuel mix influ‐ ences the combustion processes in various systems. Here, alternative fuels for automotive engines, gas turbines and power plants in various configurations and designs are appraised. The chapters have been written by the contributing authors with the intention of providing detailed description of the latest technological advancements in their respective areas of ex‐ pertise. I must personally thank all the authors for their professionalism while preparing this book. I am also delighted to be working alongside Ms. Natalia Reinic on this project. I hope that this book will serve as an excellent read for students, academics and industrial

> **Dr. Hoon Kiat Ng** Associate Professor Faculty of Engineering

The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus

theme to be covered in a simple yet progressive way.

Jerzy Baron, Beata Kowarska and Witold Żukowski

## Chapter 9 **Combustion of Municipal Solid Waste for Power Production 277** Filip Kokalj and Niko Samec
