**10. Conclusion**

BPV infection is associated with cutaneous papillomatosis, enzootic hematuria and upper gastrointestinal tract cancers in cattle. Although approximately 150 HPV types have already been characterized, only 13 BPV types had their genomes sequenced. However, in accordance with diversity observed from HPVs, the identification of numerous putative new BPV types through partial L1 gene sequences have pointed to the occurrence of a similar diversity among BPVs. Historically, together with a few animal PVs, BPVs and cattle have represented good models for the study of HPV and vaccines against this important human pathogen, fact that opened the way for the implementation of VLPs in HPV vaccines. The demonstration of protective effect of L2-based vaccines in this animal species reinforces the possibility of the future use of L2 protein peptides as an alternative vaccine to prevent HPV infections.
