**Acronyms and abbreviations**

Use of RNA Domains in the Viral Genome as Innate Immunity Inducers for Antiviral Strategies and Vaccine Improvement http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/56099 205


the nature of PAMPs and sensor specificity will surely contribute to the development of safer and more effective vaccines for infectious diseases. PRR agonists arise as promising molecules due to their synergistic effects on cytokine production and contributing to effective immune responses. The success of rationally designed vaccine formulations in the near future will likely correlate with the advances on understanding cell signalling mechanisms as well as PRR adjuvanticity and response outcomes. Targeted immunomodulatory strategies will require knowledge of the virus-specific aspects of the pathway. Viral proteins with IFN antagonistic activity are potential drug targets for antiviral strategies. Moreover, small, synthetic and noninfectious RNAs mimicking viral PAMPs can act as potent IFN inducers and exert an antiviral effect in vivo, providing new insight into broad-spectrum antiviral development strategies.

**Acronyms and abbreviations**

**APC** Antigen presenting cell

**CLR** C-type lectin receptor

**DI genomes** Defective-interfering genomes

**EMCV** Encephalomyocarditis virus **ER** Endoplasmic reticulum

**FMDV** Foot-and-mouth disease virus

**HIV** Human immunodeficiency virus

**IRES** Internal ribosome entry site **IRF** Interferon regulatory factor

**ISG** IFN-stimulated gene

**LD50** 50% lethal dose

**IFITM** Interferon inducible transmembrane protein

**JAK/STAT** Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription

**DC** Dendritic cell **DEN** Dengue virus

**ds** Double-stranded

**HCV** Hepatitis C virus

**IFN** Interferon **IFNAR** IFN-α/β receptor

**Ad5** replication-defective human adenovirus vector

204 Current Issues in Molecular Virology - Viral Genetics and Biotechnological Applications

**CARD** Caspase activation and recruitment domain

**CpG** Unmethylated deoxycytidylate-phosphate-deoxyguanylate

**Table 1.** List of the acronyms and abbreviations used in this chapter
