**4. Final remarks**

There is no doubt that genetic manipulation of cells, tissues and whole individuals has become a fundamental tool for both basic and clinical research. The information that can be retrieved from experimentation using gene transfer techniques is highly significant and the therapeutic interventions that can be made by gene therapy are positioned as a promissory future for medicine. In this chapter we intended to describe the pros and cons of the most commonly used viral and non-viral gene delivery systems as well as to introduce the novelties in this field such as magnetic nanoparticles and magnetofection technology. The current applications for all of these systems seems endless; from the traditional recombinant protein production to the cutting edge cell reprograming. It is certain then that is of major importance to continue working in the pursuit of the ideal gene delivery system with high efficiency, selective tissuetropism, non-toxic, and long-lasting expression.

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