**5.2. PBA**

Another large molecule of potential interest would be anions derived from Bisphenolacetone (Figure 8) synthesis (Eqn 7), notable reactions to produce polycarbonate (Eqn. 8) or epoxy resins (Eqn. 9). As reviewed recently elsewhere [45]. Bisphenol A (BPA), the synthesis of which is shown (Eqn. 7), is a component in the synthesis of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins (Eqn. 8, 9) that have a variety of significant uses.

**Figure 8.** Bisphenol A, BPA. pK values = 9.59, 11.3

ing if one considers that hospitals can represent a significant source of un-metabolized drugs as well as metabolic products of these drugs /in waste products. The concern raised more recent‐ ly is the fate of such waste materials. One may consider an analogy, i.e., radiator shops in certain localities must be careful not to release zinc ion water laving the establishment lest the concen‐ tration affect bacterial used in sewage treatment. Will a similar concern arise with respect to

**Stock Conc. (106**

**% removed**

**M)**

3 6.19 1230 99.8±0.3 2 5.97 741 98.8±0.6

153 7.12 912 96.9±1.2

DI water 4 6.17 639 99.4±0.4

Well water 119 6.56 750 99.2±0.4

**Table 5.** Passage of aqueous Amoxicillin samples over a 3.0 (id) chromatography column packed with ~130 mL of Octolig® at a flow rate of 10 mL/min (50-mL aliquots were collected and concentrations of fractions 4-10 were

Another large molecule of potential interest would be anions derived from Bisphenolacetone (Figure 8) synthesis (Eqn 7), notable reactions to produce polycarbonate (Eqn. 8) or epoxy resins (Eqn. 9). As reviewed recently elsewhere [45]. Bisphenol A (BPA), the synthesis of which is shown (Eqn. 7), is a component in the synthesis of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins

hospitals? The possible causes for concern were raised in a review on the topic [43].

**Figure 7.** Structure of Amoxicillin, pK = 2.4

136 Column Chromatography

measured spectrophotometrically) [44]

**5.2. PBA**

**Matrix TDS, ppm pH**

(Eqn. 8, 9) that have a variety of significant uses.

$$\begin{aligned} \text{R2}\,\text{C}\_6\text{H}\_5\text{OH} + \left(\text{CH}\_3\right)\_2\text{C=O} &\rightarrow \text{4-HOC}\_6\text{H}\_4\text{C}\left(\text{CH}\_3\right)\_2\text{C}\_6\text{H}\_4\text{OH} \cdot 4\text{+H}\_2\text{O} \\ \text{phenol} &\quad \text{acetate} &\quad \text{BPA} \end{aligned} \tag{7}$$

$$\begin{aligned} \text{BPA} + \text{Cl}\_2\text{C=O} &\rightarrow \begin{bmatrix} \text{O-C}\_6\text{H}\_4\text{C(CH}\_3\text{)}\_2\text{C}\_6\text{H}\_4\text{O(C=O)}\cdot \end{bmatrix}\_n\\ \text{phosphene} &\text{polycarbonate} \end{aligned} \tag{8}$$

$$\begin{aligned} \text{BPA} + \text{CH}\_2\text{CHOCH}\_2\text{Cl} &\rightarrow \begin{bmatrix} \text{O-C}\_6\text{H}\_4\text{C} \text{(CH}\_3\text{)}\_2\text{C}\_6\text{H}\_4\text{O-CH}\_2\text{C(OH)CH}\_2\text{-} \end{bmatrix} \end{aligned} \tag{9}$$
 
$$\begin{aligned} \text{ephollowdynt} \end{aligned} \text{from} \qquad \begin{aligned} \text{ephoric} \end{aligned} \tag{9}$$

As noted in the review [45], these plastics can fail with age, and BPA or other substances possessing estrogenic activity (EA) can be released. The review noted other points of signifi‐ cance (with documentation provided in the review) including:


The potential control of EA materials in plastics needs to be considered because the volume of plastics used annually means that there will be no sudden cessation of use. But there is reason for optimism, based on a recent study. Results of a survey of 455 commercially available plastic products for release of estrogenic active (EA) material gives pause for the thoroughness as well as for the implications [46]. These workers discovered that EA materials could be removed by extraction with two solvents, e.g. ethanol and saline, and the potential for control of EA materials in plastics may be considered.

**5.4. Food dyes**

substances.

the food.

eliminates artificial food colorings.

be ease of separation.

children hyperactive from specific food dyes[57]."

**Figure 10.** Structure of blue dye FD&C No 1 [Brilliant Blue FCF]

*Other dyes* such as food dyes may be commonly present, but the amount actually used is uncertain, and some workers have been concerned with the impact of these commonplace

Chromatographic Separations with Selected Supported Chelating Agents

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55521

139

Food dyes are among the commonplace aspects of our daily life that may need more scrutiny [52].. These artificial colors are added to food for several reasons, chiefly to make the food more appealing, or perhaps fool the consumer into thinking the food has fruit or other helpful ingredients [52]. As noted elsewhere [52], synthetic food dyes have no nutritional value, they have no health benefits, they are not preservatives, but they do make us feel good about eating

One significant concern is the suspicion that for over three decades the dyes have not been safe for all consumers[52, 53] Specifically some dyes are suspected of being responsible for behavioral problems in children., including "short attention span, aggressiveness, impulsivity, distractibility[54]." Feingold is credited with proposing that food dyes induce or aggravate symptoms of hyperactivity in children [55], and suggesting a "Feingold diet" is one that

Conflicting results, however, made it difficult to determine whether a Feingold diet is benefi‐ cial, despite a number of studies that have been conducted that have led to the view that food dyes did impair performance of hyperactive children [54], or did not in a controlled study [56], or that it did and that a one-week experimental diet could be used to detect a "sub-group of

One common food dye is FD&C No 1 (Figure 10), a dye which should be removable by column chromatography by Octolig® were this to be desired. The structure (Figure 10) showing sulfonate groups indicates on the basis of Figure 6 that a low pKa would be expected, as would

Thehypothesis thatanionsofBPAmightberemovedbycolumnchromatographywithOctolig® was consideredbutnotpursuedbecauseofthewarnings inaMSDS (Material SafetyData Sheet) about hazards of BPA and because the pKa values of BPA were listed as 9.59 and 11.3.

The expectation of success was limited, based on the hypothesis and the prediction based on available data (Figure 6).
