**3.3. Anti–inflammatory analgesic activity**

Srinivasan and coworkers studied the anti-inflammatory activity of 70% ethanolic extract of *Pongamia pinnata* leaves (PLE)inacute, subacute andchronicmodelsofinflammationinrats.*Per os*(p.o.)administrationofPLE(300,1000mg/kg)exhibitedsignificantanti-inflammatoryactivity inacute(carrageenin,histamine,5-hydroxytryptamineandprostaglandinE2-inducedhindpaw edema), subcute (kaolin-carrageeninandformaldehyde-inducedhindpawedema) andchronic (cotton pellet granuloma) models of inflammation. These results indicate that PLE possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity without ulcerogenic activity suggesting its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent for use in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. The antinociceptive activity of a 70% ethanol extract of *Pongamia pinnata* leaves (PLE) was also investigated by Srinivasan [28] in different models of pain in mice and rats. Per os (p.o.) adminis‐ trationofthePLE(100-1000mg/kg)producedsignificant antinociceptive activityinthehotplate and tail flick (central) as well as in acetic acid writhing and Randall-Selitto (peripheral) nocicep‐ tivetests.Narender[29]evaluatedtheantinociceptiveandanti-inflammatoryactivitiesofdifferent extracts of *Hibiscus tiliaceus* (Malvaceae). The antinociceptive investigations were carried out against two types of noxious stimuli, chemical (acetic acid-induced writhing) and thermal (hotplate andtail immersion tests).Thedifferentleaves extracts of*Hibiscustiliaceus*(250 and500 mg/kg, orally) possessed a significant anti-inflammatory activity on carragennan-induced paw edema in rat at the second and third hour. All the extracts significantly inhibited the acetic acid induced abdominal contractions in mice in order methanolic>chloroform>petroleum ether extract. The extracts showed the significant antinociceptive activity at dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg (p<0.01) at 60 min after extracts administration.
