**4.1. Dynamic recrystallization of hot-rolled AM31 alloys**

Large and small grains are mixed as shown in Fig. 17. Particularly, small grains are located between the large grains, which show similar orientations based on the orientation colors and pole figures. It was noted that a shear band forms inside large grains during hot deformation. The small grains are dynamically-recrystallized. Inside the large grains, numerous low-angle grain boundaries with thin black lines and tensile twins, as specified by the red grain boundaries, are also observed.
