**Author details**

Simone Souza da Silva Costa\* , Tatiana Afonso, Thamyris Maués dos Santos and Fernando Augusto Ramos

\*Address all correspondence to: symon@ufpa.br and symonufpa@gmail.com

Graduate Program in Behavior Theory and Research, Laboratory of Ecology Development, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

### **References**

[1] Valsiner J. Human development and culture: the social nature of personality and its study. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books; 1989.

[2] Suizzo M. French and American mother´s childrearing beliefs: stimulating, respond‐ ing, and long- term goals. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2004, (35), 606-626.

We conclude that the status of social exclusion in riverine people and the difficulties of their routine are related to the fact that they have stayed in the Amazon forest for such a long period of time. Their routine expresses a way of thinking about parenthood in a specific way, which can cause a series of difficulties linked to health, education, and development, which can and shouldbe remediedbyfederalandlocalpublicpolicies.Therefore,thepresent studyalsosought to make Amazonia riverine communities more visible. The lack of public policies directed

Notable is the relevance of the present study and several other previous studies developed by the Laboratory of Ecology of Human Development, which provided information about Amazon riverine communities that are separated by rivers from the urban centers of the cities to which they belong. Therefore, we seek to contribute to the development of public policies that are compatible with the social organization and symbols of their social groups to improve

We thank CNPq National Council for Technological and Scientific Development for the provided funding. In addition, we thank to all the members of Laboratory of Ecology Devel‐ opment (LED) that collaborated at different moments, but intensely collecting the data presented here. Our thanks go to Leila Assef Mendes, Daniela Castro Reis, Sara Danielle Baia da Silva, Lorena Santos, Daiane Gasparetto, Eline Monteiro, Katia Carvalho, Viviam Rafaela Barbosa Pinheiro Freire, Júlia de Almeida Roffé Borges, Leandro Cavalcante Lima, Maria Elizabeth Costa Araújo, Suzane Santana Lima dos Santos and external collaborators Julia

, Tatiana Afonso, Thamyris Maués dos Santos and

toward riverine citizens impedes the quality of life in their particular environment.

the quality of life of these populations that are isolated and impoverished.

\*Address all correspondence to: symon@ufpa.br and symonufpa@gmail.com

Graduate Program in Behavior Theory and Research, Laboratory of Ecology Development,

[1] Valsiner J. Human development and culture: the social nature of personality and its

**Acknowledgements**

112 Parenting in South American and African Contexts

**Author details**

**References**

Simone Souza da Silva Costa\*

Fernando Augusto Ramos

Bucher-Maluschke and Silvia Helena Koller.

Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

study. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books; 1989.


[18] Cruz V do C. O rio como espaço de referência identitária: reflexões sobre a identi‐ dade ribeirinha na Amazônia. In: Trindade Júnior SC., Tavares MG da C. (ed.) Ci‐ dades Ribeirinhas na Amazônia – mudanças e permanências. Belém: EDUFPA; 2008, p49-70.

**Chapter 7**

**Socialization Goals of Mothers and Grandmothers of**

**Brazil**

Lília Iêda Chaves Cavalcante and Celina Maria Colino Magalhães

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57328

culturally organized process.

independence (Barroso & Machado, 2011).

**1. Introduction**

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

**Children in Institutional Shelter Situation in the North of**

The rise of parenthood as an important study field nowadays reveals contributions of research in psychology, sociology, and anthropology areas along with its interfaces (Piccinini & Alvarenga, 2012).The increase of studies on this theme, and its type of expression in different child developmental contexts, is associated to the understanding that this is a social and

Parenthood may be defined, broadly, as several activities with the purpose of assuring the child's survival and development, so he/she may grow up in a safe and protected environ‐ ment (Barroso & Machado, 2011). In such conditions, the child is expected to benefit from material and emotional comfort, in addition to receive motivation to autonomy (Maccoby, 2000). Consequently, among other tasks imposed to parenthood, maybe the most impor‐ tant one is the challenge for a generation (parents) to prepare a younger generation (children), possibly being helped or replaced by a previous generation (grandparents), with the purpose to make the child able to face risky situations, and socioeconomic and psychosocial difficulties along the developmental pathway, assuring its survival and

Parenthood is a socially built category and its conceptual definition tends to emphasize the importance of subjective impressions (Virasiri, Yunibhand & Chaiyawat, 2011) and/or the importance of eco-cultural conditions characteristic of certain developmental contexts (Keller, Voelker, & Yovsi, 2005). That is because the conceptions and practices that define it vary across

> © 2013 Cavalcante and Magalhães; licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


**Chapter 7**
