Contents

### **Preface XIII**


Chapter 6 **Tuberculosis Pharmacogenetics: State of The Art 105** Raquel Lima de Figueiredo Teixeira, Márcia Quinhones Pires Lopes, Philip Noel Suffys and Adalberto Rezende Santos

**X** Contents


Chapter 17 **Web Resources on TB: Information, Research, and Data**

Marcos Catanho and Antonio Basílio de Miranda

Contents **VII**

Chapter 18 **Peadiatric Tuberculosis: Is the World Doing Enough? 371**

Chapter 20 **Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Latin America: Patchwork Studies**

**(Mexico), Chine (Ecuador) and Lima (Peru) 443**

**Reveal Inequalities in Its Control – The Cases of Chiapas**

Héctor Javier Sánchez-Pérez, Olivia Horna–Campos, Natalia Romero-Sandoval, Ezequiel Consiglio and Miguel Martín Mateo

Chapter 19 **Economic Evaluation of Diagnosis Tuberculosis in**

**Analysis 359**

Claude Kirimuhuzya

**Hospital Setting 429** Luciene C. Scherer

Chapter 17 **Web Resources on TB: Information, Research, and Data Analysis 359** Marcos Catanho and Antonio Basílio de Miranda

Chapter 7 **Pathophysiology of Tuberculosis 127** Ruiru Shi and Isamu Sugawara

**Diagnostic Tools 143**

Gunes Senol

**VI** Contents

**Section 2 Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis 141**

Chapter 8 **Laboratory Diagnosis of Tuberculosis - Latest**

Chapter 9 **Diagnostic Evaluation of Tuberculosis 153** Mochammad Hatta and A. R. Sultan

**Section 3 Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis 181**

Chapter 12 **Management of Drug-Resistant TB 203**

Attapon Cheepsattayakorn

**Section 4 Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis 265**

Chapter 15 **Neurotuberculosis and HIV Infection 293**

Chapter 16 **Research and Development of New Drugs Against**

Simona Alexandra Iacob and Diana Gabriela Iacob

Juan D. Guzman, Ximena Montes-Rincón and Wellman Ribón

Chapter 14 **Tuberculous Pleural Effusion 267** Wolfgang Frank

**Section 5 Miscellaneous 329**

**Tuberculosis 331**

**(MDR-TB) 183**

Zakaria Hmama

Chapter 10 **First– and Second–Line Drugs and Drug Resistance 163** Hum Nath Jnawali and Sungweon Ryoo

Chapter 11 **Epidemiology of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis**

Dhammika Nayoma Magana-Arachchi

Chapter 13 **Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis – Diagnosis, Treatment,**

**Management and Control: The Experience in Thailand 239**


Preface

of this book.

One famous saying by Robert Louis Stevenson "It is not a hard thing to know what to write; the hard thing is to know what to leave out" holds very true for us while writing the preface

Tuberculosis (TB) is as old as mankind and continues to haunt the mankind despite several spectacular advances in the diagnosis and management of TB. TB is the commonest single infectious cause of death and accountable for over 25% of avoidable deaths worldwide but

In the initial sections of the book chapters covering the basic pathophysiology and the im‐ portant factors contributing to the same viz. epidemiology of TB, iron metabolism, unusual properties of M. Tuberculosis, lipid inclusion, role of small regulatory RNA and adaptation to survival in human host, which makes it "tough bug" to treat, has been included in details. Our understanding of the host pathogen interaction at the molecular level, especially immu‐ nopathogenesis of TB has improved enormously and has been extensively covered in the book. Chapters have been included to cover several new drug and potential vaccines for TB. New development such as the interferon-gamma release assays [IGRAs] for latent TB infec‐ tion, use of liquid culture and molecular method of diagnosis are ushering in a new era in TB diagnostics. Comprehensive knowledge of latest modes of diagnosis has been also incor‐ porated in the book. Furthermore, issues concerning quality assurance in antituberculosis

Data are rapidly accumulating from all over the world regarding the efficacy of standar‐ dized treatment regimens for drug-sensitive, drug-resistant TB and latent TB infection. While we are facing the menace of multi drug-resistant TB [MDR-TB], extensively drug-re‐ sistant tuberculosis [XDR¬ TB] has emerged threatening to undermine global efforts at TB control. Hence we have included chapters to cover all aspects of the diagnosis and manage‐

With the widespread availability of internet globally various standard web resources availa‐ ble on TB have also been included so that the readers may get the comprehensive and up‐ dated guidelines from these resources. The changing clinical presentation of TB, advances in laboratory, imaging diagnostic modalities, therapeutic measures and emergence of MDR TB all suggest a pressing need to have a updated book on TB. Furthermore, while all physicians encounter the TB disease in their clinical practice, there have been a lot of controversies and

Paucity of a well referenced, updated, standard book of TB has prompted us to undertake

ment of MDR TB. This book will cover all these developments in great detail.

misconceptions over various issues for the diagnosis and management of TB.

this venture sharing the clinical experience of global experts of TB.

can still be labeled as "Captain of all these men of death".

drug susceptibility testing are getting established.
