**Author details**

Gian Nicola Bisciotti1 and Cristiano Eirale1,2

1 Qatar Orthopaedic and Sport Medicine Hospital, FIFA Center of Excellence, Doha, Qatar

2 Kinemove Rehabilitation Centers, Pontremoli, Parma, La Spezia, Italy

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**Chapter 2**

**Nutritional Interventions as Potential Strategy to**

Giuseppe D'Antona

**1. Introduction**

pathways.

training.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/56590

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

not adequately supported by research studies.

**Minimize Exercise-Induced Muscle Injuries in Sports**

Muscle injury has been related to resistance exercise and prolonged endurance exercise paradigms both leading to significant local mechanical constraints followed by focal disorders such as sarcolemmal damage and leakage of intracellular proteins, oedema, myofibrillar disorganization and microtrauma-triggered inflammation. These unfavorable events lead to variable soreness, swelling, loss in muscle strength and function with reduced range of motion.

To date strategies finalized to minimize exercise-induced muscle injury are scarce and often

Based on the notion that dietary supplementations may exert a variety of beneficial effects on the skeletal muscle, in the last 20 years there has been a great deal of interest in nutritional strategies aiming to attenuate signs and symptoms of exercise induced muscle injuries. Anyhow a large number of variables influences the muscular outcome of nutritional supple‐ ments, strongly depending on nutrient type, genotype, age, and regulation of nutrient sensing

Overall there is a paucity of studies on the topic, partly related to the high number of supple‐ ments to be considered and their combined use. In general nutrients as vitamins (as vitamin C), N-acetyl-cysteine, L-carnitine, creatine, and branched chain amino acids (BCAA) may exert a potential beneficial role but the underlying cellular mechanism, the optimal dosage and the

This chapter addresses the current knowledge on the potential use of nutritional supplements in preventing and/or minimizing muscle injuries due to resistance or endurance exercise

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2013 D'Antona; licensee InTech. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

© 2013 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

duration of the pretreatment/treatment period are currently unknown.

