**5. Flexor muscle strain**

Another common injury is the forearm flexor injury.

For example in sports requiring abduction and external rotation after a sudden adduction internal rotation of the can cause forearm flexor muscles to be injured (e.g., baseball, swim‐ ming, etc.)

Not all the abdominal pain has an muscle origin and it is our challenge to know what signs or

Overview of Different Location of Muscle Strain

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Whenever an athlete refers abdominal pain, we should start the physical examination away from the zone of pain and gradually get closer to the area that the athlete describes as being

If we suspect a muscular abdominal tear [6], part of the physical examination would be to ask the athlete to do a sit up and putting an effort on the abdominal area. There will be patients in which you have to ask the athlete to contract the abs against resistance in order to get a painful

symptoms differentiates the different pathologies.

response (figure 10).

the most annoying in appearance, swelling, deformity, tumors, etc.

**Figure 10.** In a sit up position ask the patient to hold it against resistance

Apendicitis.- IPain localized to the bottom and right side of the patient, this is called McBur‐ ney's point. (Right lower quadrant). Pain may also be around the navel and usually is accom‐ panied by nausea and vomiting and will likely have evidence of malaise and in some cases

Other conditions to rule out are:

fever (figure 11).

Once injured, there will be tenderness around over the forearm flexor muscles.

The pain from this injury can be provoked by asking the athlete to flex the wrist against resistance; pain should arise in the medial side (figure 9).

**Figure 9.** With the wrist straighten ask the patient to flex it against resistance

In some athletes (those with a pronator injury) a hematoma can be present. Pain can be provoked with pressure on the lateral side of the elbow joint forcing the elbow into valgus.
