**Author details**

Radim Vácha\* , Jan Skála, Jarmila Čechmánková and Viera Horváthová

\*Address all correspondence to: vacha@vumop.cz

Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic

#### **References**


[9] European Parliament. Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection. *European Parliament reso‐ lution on the Commission communication'Towards a Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection' (COM 179- C5-0328/2002- 2002/2172(COS))*.

**Acknowledgements**

26 Organic Pollutants - Monitoring, Risk and Treatment

MZE0002704902.

**Author details**

\*Address all correspondence to: vacha@vumop.cz

*tional Journal of Coal Geology*, 40(2), 211-235.

Radim Vácha\*

**References**

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The chapter was prepared by the support of the Project of Ministry of Agriculture

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[3] CEZ Group. (2012). *Coal-fired Power Plants in CR*, http://www.cez.cz/en/power-plantsand-environment/coal-fired-power-plants/cr/chvaletice.html, accessed 17 August

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[5] Sram, R. J., Mitcova, A., Rossner, P., Rossnerova, A., Schmuczerova, J., Solansky, I., Spatova, M., Svecova, V., & Topinka, J. (2010). European Hot Spot of Air Pollution by PM2.5 and B[a]P, Ostrava, Czech Republic. *Environmental And Molecular Mutagenesis*,

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, Jan Skála, Jarmila Čechmánková and Viera Horváthová

Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic


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**Chapter 2**

**The Detection of Organic Pollutants at Trace Level by**

**Variable Kinds of Silver Film with Novel Morphology**

In the modern world, environmental problems have attracted more and more attention, for environmental pollutants are extremely harmful to human beings' health. Environmental pollutants, such as persistent organic pollutants, are widely separated in the environment and difficult to detect at trace level.Within persistent organic pollutants, polychlorinated bi‐ phenyls (PCBs), due to their excellent dielectric properties, had been widely used since the 1920s in transformers, heat transfers, capacitors, etc., and had polluted nearly everywhere in the world [1]. In recent years, however, they have been found to be very harmful to human beings. They may cause serious diseases, such as cancers and gene distortion, when exceed‐ ing the critical dose in human bodies, and more seriously, PCBs can be accumulated in plants and animals from the environment and yield higher doses in human bodies, making PCBs very dangerous to human beings even in trace amounts [1-3]. Therefore, the detection of PCBs in trace amounts is crucial. Currently, the mostly applied detection technique for PCBs is the combination of high-resolution gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. It requires, however, very sophisticated devices, standard samples, complicated pretreatments of samples, favourable experimental environments and experienced operators [4-7]. Thus, new methods are demanded especially for the rapid detection of trace amounts of PCBs.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been proven to be an effective way to detect some organics [8]. With the great progress of nanoscale technology in recent years, SERS has attracted enormous attention due to its excellent performance and potential applications in

Among the approaches so far available to prepare nanostructure as SERS substrate, the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique is a simple but powerful means which is capa‐ ble of producing thin films with pre-designed nanostructures. These nanostructures can be

> © 2013 Zhang et al.; licensee InTech. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

© 2013 Zhang et al.; licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

the detection of molecules in trace amounts, even single molecule detection.

Zhengjun Zhang, Qin Zhou and Xian Zhang

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/53602

**1. Introduction**

[23] Holoubek, I., Adamec, V., Bartoš, M., Černá, M., Čupr, P., Bláha, K., Bláha, L., Dem‐ nerová, K., Drápal, J., Hajšlová, J., Holoubková, I., Jech, L., Klánová, J., Kohoutek, J., Kužílek, V., Machálek, P., Matějů, V., Matoušek, J., Matoušek, M., Mejstřík, V., No‐ vák, J., Ocelka, T., Pekárek, V., Petira, O., Punčochář, M., Rieder, M., Ruprich, J., Sáň‐ ka, M., Vácha, R., & Zbíral, J. (2003). National stocktaking of Persistent organic pollutants in the Czech Republic. *Project GF/CEH/01/003 Enabling activities to facilitate early action on the implementation of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent organic pollu‐ tants (POPs) in the Czech Republic. TOCOEN REPORT* [249], http://www.genasis.cz/ stockholm-stockholmska\_umluva-inventura\_pops\_2007/, accessed 22 August 2012.
