**8. Conclusion**

pillared clays for Orange II Pillared InterLayered Clays (PILCs) are porous materials that can be obtained by the intercalation of soils, thereby creating high value added materials from natural solids [101]. Also, pillared clay adsorbent was used for the removal of ben‐ zo(a)pyrene and chlorophenols [102], chlorinated phenols from aqueous solution by surfac‐

**Scheme 2.** Aluminosilica monoliths with a disc-like shape (A) and mesocage pores (B) as adsorbents (C) of organic compounds (I–IV) inside the mesocage cavity and onto pore surfaces of 3D cubic Pm3n structures (D). Note that 3D

TEM image (B) was recorded with aluminosilica monoliths with a Si/Al ratio of 4 ( From El-Safty et al. [100]).

tant-modified pillared clays [103] and herbicide Diuron on pillared clays [104].

184 Organic Pollutants - Monitoring, Risk and Treatment

Organic pollutants in the ecosystem, especially persistent organic pollutants (POPs),are of the most important environmental problems in the world. The literature reviewed revealed that there has been a high increase in production and utilization of organic pollutants in last few decades resulting in a big threat of pollution. Efficient techniques for the removal of highly toxic organic compounds from water and wastewater have drawn significant inter‐ est. Adsorption is recognized as an effective and low cost technique for the removal of or‐ ganic pollutants from water and wastewater, and produce high-quality treated effluent. This chapter highlighted the removal of organic pollutants using adsorption technique with dif‐ ferent kinds of natural and synthetic adsorbents.

Many researches have given considerable attention aimed at establishing to the removal effi‐ ciency of organic pollutants by adsorption technique. To decrease treatment costs, attempts have been made to find inexpensive alternative activated carbon (AC), from waste materials of industrial, domestic and agricultural activities. Also, clays and natural clay minerals, due to their high surface area and molecular sieve structure, are very effective adsorbents for or‐ ganic contaminants. The chapter focus, reviews and evaluates literature dedicated on the ad‐ sorption phenomenon, different types of natural and synthetic adsorbents, adsorption of dyes, phenols, pesticides and other organic pollutants. Finally it ended with recent research‐ es of organic pollutants adsorption on activated carbons, clays and clay minerals.
