**Author details**

Ilse Van Brussel1\*, Hidde Bult1 , Wim Martinet2 , Guido R.Y. De Meyer2 and Dorien M. Schrijvers2


2 Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

#### **References**


**Acknowledgements**

72 Current Trends in Atherogenesis

**Author details**

Dorien M. Schrijvers2

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Ilse Van Brussel1\*, Hidde Bult1

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This work was supported by the University of Antwerp [GOA-BOF 2407 and TOP-GOA

, Guido R.Y. De Meyer2

and

, Wim Martinet2

1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

2 Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

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**Chapter 4**

**Atherogenesis: Diseases that May Affect the Natural**

Atherosclerosis is an endothelial dysfunction induced by elevated and modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL), free radicals, infectious microorganisms, shear stress, hypertension, tox‐ ins after smoking or combinations of these and other factors[1], which is characterized by decreased nitric oxide synthesis, local oxidation of circulating lipoproteins and their entry into the vessel wall[2]. Intracellularreactive oxygen species similarly induced by the multi‐ ple atherosclerosis risk factors lead to enhanced oxidative stress in vascular cells and further

Up regulation of celladhesion molecules facilitates adherence of leukocytes to the dysfunc‐ tional endothelium and their subsequent transmigration into the vessel wall.The evolving inflammatory reaction is instrumental in the initiation of atherosclerotic plaques and their destabilization. There are evidence[4] supporting a pathophysiological role of T cells, B cells

Decades ago, the endothelium was considered just a barrier non thrombogenic, vascular control which was attributed primarily to the sympathetic nervous system and circulating vasoactive hormones. The discovery that the endothelium synthesizes important vasodila‐

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2013 Brandt et al.; licensee InTech. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

© 2013 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

activate intracellular signaling molecules involved in gene expression[3].

and macrophages in the development of atherosclerosis in general[5].

**2. Atherogenesis and cardiovascular diseases**

**History "Schistosomiasis and HIV Infection"**

Emanuelle Tenório A. M. Godoi, André Valença,

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Carlos Teixeira Brandt ,

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/54018

**1. Introduction**

Guilherme Veras Mascena and Jocelene Tenório A. M. Godoi

