**Section 2 Clinical Aspects of HPV-Infections 185**


João Paulo Oliveira-Costa, Giórgia Gobbi da Silveira, Danilo Figueiredo Soave, Andrielle de Castilho Fernandes, Lucinei Roberto Oliveira, Alfredo Ribeiro-Silva and Fernando Augusto Soares

Preface

Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, mainly af‐ fecting young women. Infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been identified as the causal agent for this condition. The natural history of cervical cancer is characterized by slow disease progression, generally taking over 10 years from the initial infection with HPV till cancer. In essence, cervical cancer is a preventable disease, and treatable if diagnosed in early stage. Historically, the introduction of the Pap smear has markedly reduced the num‐ ber of new cases countries with an effective prevention program. The burden of disease is highest in developing countries, with peak incidence in Eastern Africa. Recently, prophylac‐ tic vaccines became available, equally contributing to a better disease prevention. Unfortu‐

In the first section, diagnostic and preventive aspects of HPV related diseases are highlight‐ ed. The first two chapters describe in detail molecular approaches in HPV detection. With the introduction of the vaccine, novel challenges arose, Dr. Rodriguez-Iglesias highlights the need for differential screening strategies in the post-vaccine era. Prognosis towards progres‐ sion of lesions has for many years been an important challenge, and Dr. Hilfrich describes how the L1 protein can be instrumental in disease prediction. In the following chapter, ancil‐ lary techniques in the histopathologic diagnosis of squamous or glandural lesions are dis‐

The second section focusses on updated clinical aspects of HPV infections, including general clinical manifestations of HPV infections, penile cancers, head and neck tumors. Dr. Trottier describes the epidemiology of anogenital HPV infections, and dr. Duerksen-Hughes provid‐ ed an overview of modern molecular approaches to eradicate HPV induced cervical cancer.

This book will be a useful tool for both researchers and clinicians dealing with cervical can‐

**Prof. Dr. Davy Vanden Broeck, MSc, PhD.** Team leader HPV/cervical cancer research International Centre for Reproductive Health

Ghent University

Belgium

nately, the global burden of disease is still very high

cussed. Dr. Mueller contributed a holistic chapter on HPV prevention.

The last chapter provides insights in the analysis of the native virus.

cer, and will provide them with the latest information in this field.

Chapter 9 **The Role of Human Papillomavirus in Pre-Cancerous Lesions and Oral Cancers 241**

Danilo Figueiredo Soave, Mara Rubia Nunes Celes, João Paulo Oliveira-Costa, Giorgia Gobbi da Silveira, Bruna Riedo Zanetti, Lucinei Roberto Oliveira and Alfredo Ribeiro-Silva

Chapter 10 **Epidemiology of Anogenital Human Papillomavirus Infections 269** Claudie Laprise and Helen Trottier

Chapter 11 **Modern Molecular and Clinical Approaches to Eradicate HPV-Mediated Cervical Cancer 287** Whitney Evans, Maria Filippova, Ron Swensen and Penelope Duerksen-Hughes
