**List of abbreviations**

5-LOX, 5-lipoxygenase; Aβ, amyloid beta; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; AMPA, αamino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid; APC, activated protein C; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein; CNS, central nervous system; COX-2, cyclooxygenase; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocytes; EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; EGCG, Epigallocathecin Gallate; excitatory amino-acid transporter 2; FDA, food and drug administration; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; G-CSF, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; GDNF, glial-derived neurotrophic factor; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; GLT-1, glutamate transporter 1; GRP, glial-restricted progenitor; glutamate receptor, GluR; IL-1RA, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; i.p., intraperitoneal; ISG15, interferon-stimulated gene 15; IVIg, Intravenous immunoglobulin G; KCC, potassium (K+ )-chloride co-transporter; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LT-βR, lymphotoxin beta receptor; MAO-B, monoamine oxidase-B; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; NDGA, dicatechol nordihydroguaiaretic acid; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; NK, natural killer; NMDA, Nmethyl-D-aspartic acid; NPC, neural progenitor cell; NO, nitric oxide; NTF, neurotrophic factor; p75NTR, p75 neurotrophin receptor; PGE2 prostaglandin E2; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD1, superoxide dismutase 1; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; TDP-43, TAR DNA-binding protein 43; Teff, effectors T lymphocyte; TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; Treg, regulatory T lymphocyte; UCBC, umbilical cord blood cell; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
