**4. Inhibitory and facilitative effects of muscle tone in patients with pathological disorder**

Section 4 presents an overview of the effects of inhibition and facilitation provided by the physical stimulus on skeletal muscles in people with pathological disorder. We shall then consider the existing state surrounding the equipment used in rehabilitation.

In the field of rehabilitation, people with muscle hypo-tone are induced to undergo activities that facilitate muscle activity, and those with muscle hyper-tone are given activities that inhibit muscle activity. In general, when standing position is sustained there will be increases in muscle tone from that posture. Therapists often suppress the excessive muscle activity in such cases. Muscle hypo-tone from paralysis or hemiplegia is usually treated with a facilitative method using electrical stimulation or proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulation. At the present time, it is not clear to what extent these physical means are effective; it needs continued investigation. Physical therapy stands for intervention with physical means in people with physical disturbance so that their physical disorder is alleviated. For that purpose, application of clinical and kinesiologic EMG is one of the most effective methods.

## **4.1. In people with cerebrovascular accident**

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) is a general term for diseases such as subarachnoid hemor‐ rhage, rupture of a cerebral aneurysm, and cerebral infarction. Disturbances after a CVA are various in severities. What was the onset of a CVA like, was there early treatment, or was the site known at the time of its onset? These are the questions that help determine how severe CVAs turn out to be. Sequelae such as motor paralysis, sensory disturbances, and language disorder occur in about one-third of the patients who suffered CVA.
