*4.3.1. Whole Body Vibration (WBV)*

## *4.3.1.1. Acute effects*

If a muscle receives electrical stimulation, what will be the reaction of the muscle? Electrical stimulation to a paralyzed muscle, for instance, will cause the amount of muscle activity to

Pressure stimulation on spastic muscle of people with CVA brings about an effect that is similar to the effect it has on healthy people. Air pressure in a splint to triceps surae muscle of the lower limb in people with spastic paralysis caused a decrease in the H/M ratio (Robichaud et al., 1992). And the same was seen in spastic muscle of the upper limb: radiocarpal flexor muscle in people with neurological diseases, when stimulated by air pressure in the splint, registered

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disorder caused by damage to the spinal nerve running through the spinal canal. SCI often brings on motor paralysis or sensory disturbances caused by their proprioceptive CNS diseases, leading eventually to impaired autonomic nervous system.

When air pressure in a splint is applied to soleus muscle of the lower limb in people with SCI,

When people with SCI were given massage treatment for 3 minutes, there was a de‐ crease in the amplitude of H-reflex when compared with what it was before the massage

When WBV is applied on a person with SCI, residual effects of medication for muscle spasticity will sometimes be recognized. And because the duration of stimulation differs among

There is a report in which the adopted cycle of WBV treatment consists of the following: 4 bouts of 45 seconds with one minute of seated rest between bouts, done on 3 days a week

Parkinson's disease (PD), often caused by depletion of dopamine in the substantia nigra of the midbrain, is a disease that indicates a variety of movement disorders. Rigidity, tremor,

alpha motor neuron reflex excitability is suppressed (Robichaud et al., 1992).

increase. This is referred to as the carry over effect.

a lowered H/M ratio (Agostinucci et al., 2006).

Hypertensive tendon reflexes are often seen in the patient.

researchers, a simple comparison is difficult (Ness et al., 2009).

**4.2. In people with spinal cord injury**

*4.1.2. Pressure stimulation*

206 Electrodiagnosis in New Frontiers of Clinical Research

*4.2.1. Pressure stimulation*

*4.2.2. Therapeutic massage*

(Goldberg et al., 1994).

lasting for 4 weeks.

*4.2.3. Whole Body Vibration (WBV)*

**4.3. In people with Parkinson's disease**

With WBV, scores of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) tremor and rigidity improved compared with no intervention. There is no evidence, however, that WBV is effective in improving knee proprioception and other clinical measures of sensorimotor performance, such as balance and mobility (Lau et al., 2011).

## *4.3.1.2. Long-term effects*

WBV had no significant effects, or was only slightly effective, on UPDRS motor scores (Lau et al., 2011).
