**Author details**

Hana Šváchová1 , Sabina Sevcikova1 and Roman Hájek1,2

\*Address all correspondence to: roman.hajek@fno.cz

1 Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ma‐ saryk University, Czech Republic

2 Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava and University Hospital of Ostrava, Czech Re‐ public,, Czech Republic

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**Chapter 5**

**Immunophenotyping in Multiple Myeloma and Others**

Clonal plasma cell disorders (PCD) including mostly monoclonal gammopathy of undeter‐ mined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM) are characterised by expansion of abnormal (clonal) plasma cells (PCs) producing monoclonal protein (M-protein, MIG). Although multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) allows identification and characterisation of these neoplastic PCs, this approach is used in routine diagnostics of monoclonal gammopathies (MGs) complementarily, mostly in unusual cases [4-6]. The technological development of flow cytometry (FC) in connection with new findings reveal the need for MFC in clinical analysis of MGs. The main applications of immunophenotypisation in MGs are (1) differential diag‐ nosis, (2) determining the risk of progression in MGUS and asymptomatic MM (aMM), (3) detection of minimal residual disease in treated patients with MM, and (4) analysis of prog‐ nostic and/or predictive markers. MFC is also very useful also for research analyses focused on different aspects of B and plasma cell (PC) pathophysiology in term of MG development as well as in looking for potential myeloma-initiating cells. MFC thus should be included as a routine assay in monoclonal gammopathy patients. Clinical significance, usefulness and

The basic principle of flow cytometry has not changed from the past, it is used for identification of cell subtypes according to their functional and structural properties. Flow cytometers are

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2013 Rihova et al.; licensee InTech. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

© 2013 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Monoclonal Gammopathies**

Lucie Rihova, Karthick Raja Muthu Raja,

Roman Hajek

**1. Introduction**

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55938

Luiz Arthur Calheiros Leite, Pavla Vsianska and

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

examples of MFC analyses in MGs are reviewed in this chapter.

**2. Flow Cytometry in MGs — Past, present and future**
