**9. Conclusions**

Medical science is progressing faster than ever and the field of cardiovascular disease is one of its greatest exponents. Patient care and treatment must adapt to changing patient charac‐ teristics as well as to new technologies and treatment options. In the case of aortic valve dis‐ ease, whose prevalence is booming in the western world, we must be capable of a comprehensive approach to ensure optimal results and efficient use of resources. Currently, age, *per se*, is not a contraindication for the treatment of aortic valve disease; hence a thor‐ ough assessment should be undertaken to design the best therapeutic approach for high-risk patients. Understanding of treatment options of this disease has increased. New devices have been developed and advances have been made in perioperative management of car‐ diac surgical patients. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement in this interesting field of cardiac surgery.
