**1. Introduction**

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and atrial fibrillation (AF) are causes of increased mortality and morbidity all over the world. Coexistence of both leads to even higher rates of mortality and morbidity. In AF, the main reason responsible for increased mortality and morbidity is thromboembolisation and consequently the development of a stroke [1]. Among patients with atrial fibrillation, the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular dis‐ ease has been reported to be 20-30% [2]. Thus, development of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) requiring percutaneous coronary intervention is very probable in patients with atrial fibrillation. Despite a 17% reduction in the incidence of stroke with aspirin compared to pla‐ cebo, vitamin K antagonist (VKA) warfarin is superior to both aspirin and aspirin plus clopi‐ dogrel combinations due to its preventing AF patients from thromboemboli [3]. While triple antithrombotic therapy (VKA+aspirin+clopidogrel) lowers the risk of stroke in stent im‐ planted patients with AF, it increases the risk of bleeding at long- term. Thus careful judge‐ ment of the risk of emboli and bleeding, the stent type (drug eluted or bare metal) to be implanted and the duration of appropriate treatment regimen is important.
