**Author details**

Muhammad Mubeen Masud and Benjamin D. Braaten

North Dakota State University, Fargo, U.S.A.

### **References**


[4] Amin Y., Batao S., Hallstedt J., Prokkola S., Tenhunen H., Zhen L.-R. Design and characterization of efficient flexible UHF RFID tag antennas: proceedings of 3rd Eu‐ ropean Conference on Antennas and Propagation, March 2009, Berlin, Germany.

propagation, co-planar waveguides and interdigital capacitor loaded co-planar waveguides have been introduced and summarized. From these sections, the ZOR-RFID antenna for pas‐ sive UHF RFID tags is presented. The operating principle behind the ZOR-RFID antenna is the use of interdigital capacitors along the length of the antenna to support wave propaga‐ tion. Furthermore, the capacitive input impedance of the passive RFID ASIC attached to the port of the antenna supports propagation in a manner similar to the interdigital capacitors. This allows the ASIC to still harvest power and communicate while supporting wave propa‐ gation. Measurements show that a predicted 7.6 m read range is possible with this new an‐ tenna design. This read range is comparable to existing commercially available passive UHF

There are several different avenues of future work possible. The first topic of interest is to reduce the overall size of the ZOR RFID prototype antenna. This could be done by using res‐ onator elements instead of the interdigital capacitors. Further development on printing the ZOR-RFID antenna on flexible substrates would be of great interest. Maybe the investigation of paper, LCP and Kapton substrates could be performed. Extending this work to develop a multi-band antenna would also be possible. This would allow this antenna design to be

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[2] Rao, K.V.S., Nikitin P.V., Lam S.F. Antenna Design for UHF RFID Tags: A Review and a Practical Application. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Decem‐

[3] Calabrese C., Marrocco G. Meander-slot antennas for sensor-RFID tags. IEEE Anten‐

RFID tags with similar overall sizes.

146 Radio Frequency Identification from System to Applications

**7. Future work**

used in multiple countries.

Muhammad Mubeen Masud and Benjamin D. Braaten

North Dakota State University, Fargo, U.S.A.

ber 2005; 53(12) 3870-3876.

nas and Wireless Propagation Letters 2008; 7 5-8.

**Author details**

**References**


[17] Braaten B.D., Owen G. J., Vaselaar D., Nelson R. M., Bauer-Reich C., Glower J., Mor‐ lock B, Reich M., Reinholz A. A printed Rampart-line antenna with a dielectric super‐ strate for UHF RFID applications: in proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on RFID, April, 2008, Las Vegas, NV.

[31] Vaselaar D. Passive UHF RFID design and utilization in the livestock industry. Mas‐

Design of a Zeroth Order Resonator UHF RFID Passive Tag Antenna with Capacitive Loaded Coplanar…

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[17] Braaten B.D., Owen G. J., Vaselaar D., Nelson R. M., Bauer-Reich C., Glower J., Mor‐ lock B, Reich M., Reinholz A. A printed Rampart-line antenna with a dielectric super‐ strate for UHF RFID applications: in proceedings of the IEEE International

[18] Rao K. V. S., Nikitin P.V., Lam S.F. Antenna Design for UHF RFID Tags: A Review and a Practical Application: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Decem‐

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**Chapter 8**

**Advancements and Prospects of Forward Directional**

In the current age of rapid technological progress and development, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has found many applications in various areas such as supply chain, warehouse, and retail store management. Alike mobile communications, the high data performance and compact profile are becoming obvious expectations of the users of handheld RFID devices. In this regard, directional antennas have a bright

This chapter presents a comprehensive review of RFID technology concerning the pros‐ pects of directional especially forward directional antennas and propagation for multiband operation. The technical considerations of directional antenna parameters are also discussed in details in order to provide a complete realization of the parameters in pragmatic approach to the directional antenna designing process, which primarily in‐ cludes scattering parameters and radiation characteristics. The antenna literature is also critically overviewed to identify the possible solutions of the directional antennas to uti‐ lize in single and multi-band handheld RFID reader operation. However, it has been seen that these techniques can be combined to enhance the directional antennas with wider bandwidths and higher gain. Last but not least, the possibilities of forward-direc‐ tional antennas which spectacularly use the surface wave for the radiation will be ex‐ plored, and the difference with the conventional directional antennas with them will be

> © 2013 Toaha Mobashsher and W. Aldhaheri; licensee InTech. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is

© 2013 Toaha Mobashsher and W. Aldhaheri; licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

prospect for a more user friendly experience even in the rugged environments.

**Antennas for Compact Handheld RFID Readers**

Ahmed Toaha Mobashsher and

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

properly cited.

Rabah W. Aldhaheri

**1. Introduction**

discussed.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/53283
