**5. System implementation**

The RFIDSIM system has three main components, a smartphone, RFID and a portal. Signifi‐ cantly, both the smartphone and RFID components are located on the client side, while the portal is on the server side. All inspection-related information acquired by safety staff mem‐ bers within the RFIDSIM system is recorded in a centralized RFIDSIM system database. All staff members can access required information via the portal based on their access privileg‐ es. The RFIDSIM system extends the jobsite safety management from the jobsite office to safety checkpoint locations to assist with safety inspection services, while the RFIDSIM sys‐ tem primarily deals with data transactions in all departments or systems integration. The RFIDSIM system consists of a mobile inspection management portal integrated with RFIDenabled smartphone and RFID technology. Each module is briefly described below.

**5.3. Web portal subsystem of RFIDSIM system**

**5.4. Inspection module**

the need to enter the same data repeatedly.

**5.5. Progress monitor module**

**6. Polite test**

functional systems with different levels of access to information.

The web portal is an information hub in the RFIDSIM system for a jobsite safety manage‐ ment. The web portal enables all participants to log onto a single portal, and immediately obtain information required for planning. The users can access different information and services via a single front-end on the Internet. For example, a project manager can log onto the portal, enter an assigned security password, and access real-time jobsite safety inspec‐ tion information and result. The web portal of RFIDSIM system is based on the Microsoft Windows Server 2008 operating system with Internet Information Server (IIS) as the web server. The prototype was developed using ASP.NET, which are easily combined with HTML and JavaScript technologies to transform an Internet browser into a user-friendly in‐ terface. The web portal provides a solution involving a single, unified database linked to all

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The following section describes the implementation of each module in the RFIDSIM system.

Safety staff members can enter inspection results directly via a smartphone. Additionally, smartphone display the inspection checklist in the each jobsite checkpoint location. Safety staff members can record inspection information for conditions, inspection result, descrip‐ tions of problems and suggestions that have arisen during the progress. The module has the benefit that safety staff members can enter/edit inspection results, and all records can be transferred between the smartphone and portal by real-time synchronization, eliminating

This module is designed to enable project manager and safety staff members to monitor the progress of inspections management. Additionally, project manager and safety staff mem‐ bers can access the progress or condition of jobsite safety checkpoints locations. The prog‐ ress monitor module provides an easily accessed and portable environment where project manager and safety staff members can trace and record all safety-related inspection infor‐

This study is applied in Taiwan construction jobsite for the polite test. The construction building base was located in the Taipei metropolitan area, near MRT stations and public fa‐ cilities. The construction project include 30 floors steel reinforced concrete structure build‐ ings, underground parking and five floors of public space. There are three main buildings in the project. The project includes corporate headquarters, office buildings, and a business ho‐ tel. This study utilizes an RFIDSIM system in the jobsite safety inspection management. Ex‐ isting approaches for tracking and managing safety inspection adopt manually updated paper-based records. The most of inspection work were paper-based work by manual entry although construction management system was developed for information management.

mation regarding the status of inspections of safety checkpoints locations.

#### **5.1. RFID subsystem of RFIDSIM system**

The RFID technology can be either a passive or active system. The major difference between an active and a passive RFID system is that an active tag contains a battery, and can transmit information to the reader without the reader generating an electromagnetic field. The case study uses HF passive RFID technology due to budget restrictions and short distance read range requirement.

#### **5.2. Mobile device (smartphone) subsystem of RFIDSIM system**

The RFIDSIM system adopts Google Nexus S as the RFID-enabled smartphone with NFC technology (see Fig. 2). The Google Nexus S runs the Android operating system. All data in the smart phones are transmitted to the server directly through the web via Wi-Fi. Google Chrome was chosen as the web browser in the RFID-enabled Google Nexus S.

**Figure 2.** displayed the RFID-enabled smartphone with NFC technology and HF RFID tags using in the study.

#### **5.3. Web portal subsystem of RFIDSIM system**

The web portal is an information hub in the RFIDSIM system for a jobsite safety manage‐ ment. The web portal enables all participants to log onto a single portal, and immediately obtain information required for planning. The users can access different information and services via a single front-end on the Internet. For example, a project manager can log onto the portal, enter an assigned security password, and access real-time jobsite safety inspec‐ tion information and result. The web portal of RFIDSIM system is based on the Microsoft Windows Server 2008 operating system with Internet Information Server (IIS) as the web server. The prototype was developed using ASP.NET, which are easily combined with HTML and JavaScript technologies to transform an Internet browser into a user-friendly in‐ terface. The web portal provides a solution involving a single, unified database linked to all functional systems with different levels of access to information.

The following section describes the implementation of each module in the RFIDSIM system.

#### **5.4. Inspection module**

**5. System implementation**

272 Radio Frequency Identification from System to Applications

**5.1. RFID subsystem of RFIDSIM system**

range requirement.

The RFIDSIM system has three main components, a smartphone, RFID and a portal. Signifi‐ cantly, both the smartphone and RFID components are located on the client side, while the portal is on the server side. All inspection-related information acquired by safety staff mem‐ bers within the RFIDSIM system is recorded in a centralized RFIDSIM system database. All staff members can access required information via the portal based on their access privileg‐ es. The RFIDSIM system extends the jobsite safety management from the jobsite office to safety checkpoint locations to assist with safety inspection services, while the RFIDSIM sys‐ tem primarily deals with data transactions in all departments or systems integration. The RFIDSIM system consists of a mobile inspection management portal integrated with RFID-

enabled smartphone and RFID technology. Each module is briefly described below.

**5.2. Mobile device (smartphone) subsystem of RFIDSIM system**

Chrome was chosen as the web browser in the RFID-enabled Google Nexus S.

**Figure 2.** displayed the RFID-enabled smartphone with NFC technology and HF RFID tags using in the study.

The RFID technology can be either a passive or active system. The major difference between an active and a passive RFID system is that an active tag contains a battery, and can transmit information to the reader without the reader generating an electromagnetic field. The case study uses HF passive RFID technology due to budget restrictions and short distance read

The RFIDSIM system adopts Google Nexus S as the RFID-enabled smartphone with NFC technology (see Fig. 2). The Google Nexus S runs the Android operating system. All data in the smart phones are transmitted to the server directly through the web via Wi-Fi. Google

Safety staff members can enter inspection results directly via a smartphone. Additionally, smartphone display the inspection checklist in the each jobsite checkpoint location. Safety staff members can record inspection information for conditions, inspection result, descrip‐ tions of problems and suggestions that have arisen during the progress. The module has the benefit that safety staff members can enter/edit inspection results, and all records can be transferred between the smartphone and portal by real-time synchronization, eliminating the need to enter the same data repeatedly.

#### **5.5. Progress monitor module**

This module is designed to enable project manager and safety staff members to monitor the progress of inspections management. Additionally, project manager and safety staff mem‐ bers can access the progress or condition of jobsite safety checkpoints locations. The prog‐ ress monitor module provides an easily accessed and portable environment where project manager and safety staff members can trace and record all safety-related inspection infor‐ mation regarding the status of inspections of safety checkpoints locations.

### **6. Polite test**

This study is applied in Taiwan construction jobsite for the polite test. The construction building base was located in the Taipei metropolitan area, near MRT stations and public fa‐ cilities. The construction project include 30 floors steel reinforced concrete structure build‐ ings, underground parking and five floors of public space. There are three main buildings in the project. The project includes corporate headquarters, office buildings, and a business ho‐ tel. This study utilizes an RFIDSIM system in the jobsite safety inspection management. Ex‐ isting approaches for tracking and managing safety inspection adopt manually updated paper-based records. The most of inspection work were paper-based work by manual entry although construction management system was developed for information management. However, information collected by staff members using such labor-intensive methods is re‐ work and ineffective in the inspection results entry. Therefore, jobsite safety management division and safety staff members utilized the RFIDSIM system to enhance safety inspection and jobsite safety management in the case study. HF Passive read/write RFID tags were used in the case study. After the critical safety checkpoint locations were selected, each HF RFID tag for the safety checkpoint location was made, and the unique ID of safety check‐ point was entered into the RFIDSIM system database. After the safety checkpoint location was assigned to be monitored for safety inspection, the safety checkpoint location was scan‐ ned with a RFID tag to enter the RFIDSIM system. During the setup phase, all the ID of safe‐ ty checkpoint in the RFID tag had been determined and entered the database for system, and then the RFID tag was attached in the safety checkpoint location (see Figs. 3 and 4). Fi‐ nally, the tag will be scanned and checked before the inspection work.

printing any paper document. During the inspection progress, the safety staff member scan‐ ned the RFID tag first and to select the inspection result (see Figs. 5 and 6). The system would update inspection information of jobsite safety checkpoints location via browser un‐ der wireless circumstance. After the jobsite safety checkpoints locations were inspected, staff members recorded the status and execute the work by procedure. After the operation, safety staff member recorded the result of inspection, edited the description in the smartphone, and provided the updated information to the system (see Fig. 7). Finally, the safety manager and the authorized staff members accessed the updated information from jobsite office syn‐ chronously. Fig. 8 displayed the process flowchart of RFIDSIM system. Fig. 9 displayed safe‐ ty staff used RFID-enabled smartphone to scan RFID tags and edited the description in the smartphone. Fig. 10 displayed project manager entered the RFIDSIM system and accessed

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the safety inspection result.

**Figure 5.** Displayed safety staff used RFID-enable smartphone to scan RFID tag. (A)

**Figure 6.** Displayed safety staff used RFID-enable smartphone to scan RFID tag. (B)

**Figure 3.** Displayed the safety checkpoint location attached UHF RFID tag in the case study. (A)

**Figure 4.** Displayed the safety checkpoint location attached UHF RFID tag in the case study. (B)

Before the inspection work, the safety staff members can check the inspection list from smartphone, refer the relative information and can make the preparation work without printing any paper document. During the inspection progress, the safety staff member scan‐ ned the RFID tag first and to select the inspection result (see Figs. 5 and 6). The system would update inspection information of jobsite safety checkpoints location via browser un‐ der wireless circumstance. After the jobsite safety checkpoints locations were inspected, staff members recorded the status and execute the work by procedure. After the operation, safety staff member recorded the result of inspection, edited the description in the smartphone, and provided the updated information to the system (see Fig. 7). Finally, the safety manager and the authorized staff members accessed the updated information from jobsite office syn‐ chronously. Fig. 8 displayed the process flowchart of RFIDSIM system. Fig. 9 displayed safe‐ ty staff used RFID-enabled smartphone to scan RFID tags and edited the description in the smartphone. Fig. 10 displayed project manager entered the RFIDSIM system and accessed the safety inspection result.

**Figure 5.** Displayed safety staff used RFID-enable smartphone to scan RFID tag. (A)

However, information collected by staff members using such labor-intensive methods is re‐ work and ineffective in the inspection results entry. Therefore, jobsite safety management division and safety staff members utilized the RFIDSIM system to enhance safety inspection and jobsite safety management in the case study. HF Passive read/write RFID tags were used in the case study. After the critical safety checkpoint locations were selected, each HF RFID tag for the safety checkpoint location was made, and the unique ID of safety check‐ point was entered into the RFIDSIM system database. After the safety checkpoint location was assigned to be monitored for safety inspection, the safety checkpoint location was scan‐ ned with a RFID tag to enter the RFIDSIM system. During the setup phase, all the ID of safe‐ ty checkpoint in the RFID tag had been determined and entered the database for system, and then the RFID tag was attached in the safety checkpoint location (see Figs. 3 and 4). Fi‐

nally, the tag will be scanned and checked before the inspection work.

274 Radio Frequency Identification from System to Applications

**Figure 3.** Displayed the safety checkpoint location attached UHF RFID tag in the case study. (A)

**Figure 4.** Displayed the safety checkpoint location attached UHF RFID tag in the case study. (B)

Before the inspection work, the safety staff members can check the inspection list from smartphone, refer the relative information and can make the preparation work without

**Figure 6.** Displayed safety staff used RFID-enable smartphone to scan RFID tag. (B)

**Figure 7.** Ssplayed the staff updated the inspection information in jobsite checkpoint location
