**6. Conclusions**

In this chapter we have described the concept and practical implementation of dual-conju‐ gate adaptive optics retinal imaging, i.e. multiconjugate adaptive optics using two deforma‐ ble mirrors. Although the technique of adaptive optics is well established in the vision research community there are only a few publications on MCAO retinal imaging.

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[6] Beckers JM. Detailed Compensation of Atmospheric Seeing Using Multiconjugate

[7] Ellerbroek BL. First-Order Performance Evaluation of Adaptive-Optics Systems for Atmospheric-Turbulence Compensation in Extended-Field-of-View Astronomical Telescopes. Journal of the Optical Society of America a-Optics Image Science and Vi‐

[8] Fried DL, Belsher JF. Analysis of Fundamental Limits to Artificial-Guide-Star Adap‐ tive-Optics-System Performance for Astronomical Imaging. Journal of the Optical So‐

[9] Fusco T, Conan JM, Michau V, Rousset G, Mugnier LM. Isoplanatic Angle and Opti‐ mal Guide Star Separation for Multiconjugate Adaptive Optics. In: Wizinowich PL,

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[13] Berkefeld T, Soltau D, von der Luhe O. Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics at the Vac‐ uum Tower Telescope, Tenerife. Adaptive Optical System Technologies Ii, Pts 1 and

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The DCAO instruments described here allow retinal features down to 2 µm to be resolved over a 7×7 degree FOV and enable tomographic imaging of retinal structures such as cone photoreceptors and retinal capillaries. We believe that this new technique has a future po‐ tential for clinical imaging at currently subclinical levels with an impact particularly impor‐ tant for early diagnosis of retinal diseases, follow-up of treatment effects, and follow-up of disease progression.
